Class Differences in Achievement (External) - completed

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  • Created by: Ellie Rae
  • Created on: 06-04-17 12:46
Cultural Deprivation
Some young people fail in education due to deficiencies in their home and families cultural background.
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The Hidden Curriculum
Everything that is taught in school, but isn’t concerned with the actually knowledge and content on the National curriculum. For example, punctuality and obedience to authority.
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Particularistic and Universalistic Views
Particularistic- rules and values that give priority to personal relationships Universalistic– rules and values that apply equally to all members of society, regardless of who they are.
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Bernstein
Identifies differences between the working class and middle class language that influences achievement. The restricted Speech Code and Elaborated Speech Code.
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Restricted Speech Code
An informal, simple everyday language, sometime ungrammatical and with limited vocabulary.
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Elaborated Speech Code
Formal language, with a much wider vocabulary than the restricted code.
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Parents Education
Parents' attitudes to education are a key factor which effects children achievement. Douglas- working-class parents placed less value on education, as a result less ambitious for their children giving less encouragement.
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Parenting Styles
Educated parents emphasise constant discipline and high expectations of their children, supporting achievement by encouraging learning. Less educated parents style- inconsistent discipline preventing child from learning independence and self-control.
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Working Class Sub-cultures
Lack of parental interests in their children education reflects the subcultural values of the working class. Sugarman- 4 key features Fatalism, Collectivism, immediate ratification and present-time orientation.
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Fatalism
Everything that will happen in the future is known and is unavoidable. The main idea that everything is predetermined and unavoidable means that we have no responsibility for our actions or whatever happens in our life.
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Collectivism
Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual.
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Immediate Gratification
Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get better rewards in the future.
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Present Time Orientation
Seeing the present as more important than the future and therefore having no long term goals.
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Compensatory Education
Government education policies such as Operation Headstart, that seek to tackle the problem of underachievement by providing extra support and funding to schools and families in deprived areas.
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Myth of Cultural Deprivation
Keddie- sees cultural deprivation as a victim blaming explanation, she dismisses the idea that failure at school can be blamed on a culturally deprived home background.
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Material Deprivation
Poverty, a lack of the basic needs such as an adequate diet, housing, clothing or money to buy these things. In education this explains working class underachievement as the result of the lack of resources.
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Diet and Health
Howard- young people from poor homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. poor nutrition affects heath resulting in more absences from school due to illness, and difficulties in concentring in class.
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Housing
Poor housing can affect pupils' achievement both directly and indirectly. e.g. directly- overcrowding can make it harder for the child to study. Indirectly- children in crowded homes run greater risks of accidents to the childs' health and welfare.
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The Hidden Costs of Education
Expense not included in the original statement of 'free school education, such as school trips, supplies and uniform.
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Ideological State Apparatus
Things which spread the dominant ideology and justify the power of the ruling class.
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Fear of Debt
Going to uni involves getting into debt to cover the cost of tuition fees, books and living expenses. attitudes towards debt may deter working-class students from going to uni.
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Bourdieu
Argues that both cultural and material factors contribute to educational achievement and are not separate but interrelated. He believes there are three types of capital which middle class posses- Cultural, Social and Economic.
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Cultural Capital
The knowledge, language, manners, behaviour, tastes and values which gives middle and upper class students an advantage.
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Social Capital
The social networks of influence and support people have.
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Economic Capital
Money and wealth (gives you access to elite educational opportunities or social networks).
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Education Action Zones
Areas of extreme deprivation and poverty, schools in these areas are given more money than other areas.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Everything that is taught in school, but isn’t concerned with the actually knowledge and content on the National curriculum. For example, punctuality and obedience to authority.

Back

The Hidden Curriculum

Card 3

Front

Particularistic- rules and values that give priority to personal relationships Universalistic– rules and values that apply equally to all members of society, regardless of who they are.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Identifies differences between the working class and middle class language that influences achievement. The restricted Speech Code and Elaborated Speech Code.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

An informal, simple everyday language, sometime ungrammatical and with limited vocabulary.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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