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6. What did the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (2007) find out?

  • that by the age of 3, children from disadvantaged backgrounds are already one year behind those of advantaged backgrounds and that the gap widens as they get older
  • that by the age of 10, children from disadvantaged backgrounds are already a year behind those from advantaged backgrounds and that the gap widens as they get older
  • that by the age of 5, children from advantaged backgrounds do better than those from disadvantaged backgrounds
  • that by the age of 2, children from disadvantaged backgrounds will already be predicted to do worse than those children from advantaged backgrounds

7. What are internal factors?

  • factors within education system
  • factors outside the workplace
  • factors outside the hospital
  • factors within the home

8. What are external factors?

  • factors outside the education system
  • factors within the workplace
  • factors within the hospital
  • factors outside of the home

9. What is cultural deprivation?

  • when children arent socialized adequately so they lack the basic 'cultural equipment' which includes language, spelling and reading
  • when children are not allowed to have a culture
  • when children aren't socialized adequately and so they lack the basic 'cultural equipment'
  • when children are socialised adequately but do bad at school

10. What is an example of an internal factor?

  • interactions between doctors and patients
  • interactions between worker and supervisor
  • interactions between teachers and pupils
  • interactions between child and parent

11. What is the restricted code?

  • used by older people. Longer sentences, more old fashioned, grammatically correct
  • used by young people. Short sentences, slang, context bound.
  • used by working class famiiles. Shorter sentences, limited vocab and often unfinished.
  • used by upper class families. Longer sentences, wider vocab and more grammatically complex sentences

12. What is an example of an external factor?

  • influence of the home and family background and wider society
  • influence of the doctors
  • influence of parents education
  • influence of supervisors behavior towards workers

13. What did Feinstein find out about educated parents?

  • they were more likely to teach their children about having their own competence
  • they were less likely to use praise which encourages children to develop a sense of their own competence
  • they were more likely to use praise which encourages children to develop a sense of their own competence
  • they were more likely to use insults which discourages children from developing sense of their own competence

14. What are the 3 main aspects of cultural deprivation?

  • language, grandparents education and upper class subculture
  • spelling, parents education and working class subculture
  • language, parents education, working class subculture
  • spelling, sisters education and working class subculture

15. What is the elaborated code?

  • used by working class. Has a short vocab, slang, grammatically correct sentences
  • used by the middle class. Has a wider vocab and is based on longer, grammatically more complex sentences
  • used by the lower class. Has a shorter vocab and is based on longer, grammatically more complex sentences
  • used by the upper class. Longer sentences, context bound, grammatically incorrec

16. What is a subculture?

  • a group whose attitudes and values differ from those of the mainstream culture
  • a group whos attitudes and values are the same of those of mainstream cultures
  • a small culture
  • a made up culture