civil war-NEP

?
what years was the civil war?
1918-20
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who were the reds?
bolsheviks
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who were the whites?
wanted return to tsarist-like regime, monarchists, SR's
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who were the greens?
group from national minorities - Ukranians&georgians
4 of 59
how much had the petrograd work force shrunk by?
60%
5 of 59
who were the czech legion?
40,000 isolated czech troops, isolated due to treaty, wanted independant state
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whites were originally formed and led by?
Kornilov
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who took over the control of the whites?
Deniken
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where were the whites based?
Baltic region
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where and who established their own white gov?
Kolchak, in siberia
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who fought with the whites?
allied countries such as Britain
11 of 59
how was the legion quelled?
in 1918, tried to make its way westward using the railway, intercepted
12 of 59
what did the SR's do in June 1918?
left SR's launched an assasination attempt against Lenin
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what year was the 'crucial year'?
1919
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where was kolchak's campaign based?
the east
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how many troops supported kolchak?
30,000
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how far did they advance?
advanced 200 miles by April
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what happened to kolchak's force?
intercepted by Reds who pursuaded some of kolchaks army to change sides
18 of 59
where was Deniken's campaign based?
south-east
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where did deniken head to?
Donbass region to fight the Reds
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why did it fail?
he didnt have enough troops to fight over such a large front
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Where was Yudenich based?
petrograd
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what did he need?
he needed more men but foreign support dried up
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why did it fail?
Trotsky intervened
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who led the last white army and in what year?
1920, led by Wrangel
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what happened?
it was cornered on the crimean peninsula in southern russia
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when was the russo-polish war?
1920-21
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what happened?
polish forces entered Ukraine and captured Kiev,Communists attacked and they retreated
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what was Lenin's retaliation?
ordered polish invasion, reds defeated at gates of Warsaw in 1920
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what was the russo-polish war concidered to be?
the biggest communist defeat and ended any attempt to extend international rev
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why did communists win?
disunity of opponents, organisation, terror and trotsky and the reds
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white failures
lacked unity, strategy or central direction, some even fought amongst themselves
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which whites fought against each other?
Ukranian nationalists fought both white and reds
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geographical factors
reds dominated heartland of russia (area between petrograd, moscow and tsaritsyn)
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geographical factors (2)
included russian railway, didnt rely on foreign support, supply of munitions
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white geography
dispersed, whites launched offensives at diff times, un coordinated
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Red terror
cheka established, peasant and political opponents executed
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Trotsky's leadership
5 million red army, ensured tsarist officer loyalty by holding families hostage
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trotsky's personal motivation
toured units and gave motivational speeches
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who led the cheka?
dzerhinsky who never allowed anything to deter him from fighting the enemy
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what was the vesenkha?
dec 1917, offer central control of russian economy
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what was war communism (1)
a supreme economic council formed to run the economy
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what was war communism (2)
nationalisation of industry, by 1920 around 37,000 nationalised
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what was war communism (3)
private trading banned, grain requisitioning, use of terror to enforce
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who were the commisariat for supplies?
narkomprod gave rations on the basis of the output of their work
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positives of war communism
allowed them to win the civil war, concentrated on production of military
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disadvantages of war communism
between 1917-20, over half of the urban working population disapeared
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disadvantages of war communism
major famine in 1921, death of 2million, peasant uprising, fall in industrial production
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when did lenin announce the end of war communism?
10th party congress
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what was a major rising called?
Tambov uprising which even caused reds to be diverted to the province to restore order
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when was the kronstadt rebellion?
1921
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what happened?
they became disillusioned with lenins rule, demanded an end open rebellion
52 of 59
what happened to lenin?
he decided that because they were loyal supporters he needed to change
53 of 59
NEP policies
tax in kind, private trading allowed (nepmen)
54 of 59
how much trade was conducted by NEP-men?
3/4 trading
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what else was introduced?
new currency in 1922 helped bring an end to inflation
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what else did lenin ban
ban on internal factionalism, 'democratic centrilism'
57 of 59
NEP positives
famine ended, market restored, 85% farms private, livestock increased, coal doubled
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NEP negatives
scissors crisis - widening gap between industrial and agri prices
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

who were the reds?

Back

bolsheviks

Card 3

Front

who were the whites?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

who were the greens?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how much had the petrograd work force shrunk by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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