6. What can citizens not have in the civic culture?
free speech
compete loyalty
political participation
political orientation
7. What are Paxton's requirements for positive associations?
objective associations and reciprocal, trusting, involving emotion
must be close friends
must bond across generations
must be different classes
8. Which of the following is not an explanation at the lack of erosion of social capital in the UK, according to Hall (1999)?
Government Policy
Immigration
Transformation of the Class structure
Educational Reform
9. Who found that social capital affects democracy and democracy affects social capital?
Putnam
Coleman
Paxton
Verba
10. Who made the distinction between bridging and bonding?
Paxton
Putnam
Coleman
Hall
11. Who says that social capital resides in relationships between individuals rather than in individuals themselves?
Almond
Coleman
Putnam
Verba
12. Who finds that the middle classes have twice as many associations as the working class, but they do not last as long?
Putnam
Paxton
Hall
Brehm and Rahn
13. Why is Mexico not an example of the civic culture?
underlying military tensions
lack of experience of political input and rejection of political output
too young a democracy
lacks passive output satisfaction
14. Who found that civic engagement and interpersonal trust are in a tight reciprocal relationship?
Paxton
Brehm and Rahn
Lipset and Rokkan
Almond and Verba
15. Why is the USA not an example of the civic culture?
the electorate is too partisan
the electorate is too religious
it has a 'strain of immobility which often pervades the American political process'
the separation of powers is too polarizing
16. How big an increase was there in adult voluntary associational behaviour between 1959 and 1990
14%
24%
44%
54%
17. In what sort of culture are citizens 'active yet passive; involved yet not too involved; influential, yet deferential', according to Almond and Verba?
civic
social
participant
political
18. Orbell and Dawes' virtuous circle due to anticipated cooperation prompting cooperative behaviour is accompanied by what?
a vicious circle
higher social trust
democracy
violence
19. Who defines the civic culture as a 'pluralistic culture based on communication and persuasion, a culture of consensus and diversity, a culture that permitted change but moderated it'?
