Circulatory system

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What kind of circulatory system does the human body have?
A double circulatory system- two circuits joined together.
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What does the first circuit in the circulatory system do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart.
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What does the second circuit in the circulatory system do?
It pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs (not the lungs) of the body. The blood gives up its oxygen at the body cells and the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again.
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What are the walls of the heart mostly made of?
Muscle tissue.
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Why does the heart have valves?
To make sure that blood goes in the right direction- they prevent it flowing backwards.
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.
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What do the arteries do?
They carry the blood away from the heart.
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What do the capillaries do?
They are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues.
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What do the veins do?
These carry the blood to the heart.
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How do capillaries increase the rate of diffusion?
Their walls are only one cell thick which decreases the distance over which diffusion occurs.
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What do capillaries supply/take away to/from the cells?
They supply food and oxygen, and take away waste like CO2.
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What pressure is blood at in the veins?
Low pressure.
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Do veins have a bigger or smaller lumen than arteries? Why?
They have a bigger lumen than arteries to help the blood flow despite the lower pressure.
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What do red blood cells do?
They carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body.
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Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?
To give a large surface area for absorbing oxygen.
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Why don't red blood cells have a nucleus?
It allows more room to carry oxygen.
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What is the red pigment in Red blood cells called?
Haemoglobin.
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What do white blood cells produce?
They produce antibodies to fight microorganisms and antitoxins to neutralise any toxins produced by the microorganisms.
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What do white blood cells have that red blood cells don't?
A nucleus.
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What are platelets?
They are small fragments of cells without a nucleus.
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What do platelets do?
They help the blood to clot at a wound- to stop blood pouring out and to stop microorganisms getting in.
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What happens when someone has a lack of platelets?
They have excessive bleeding and bruising.
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Name 3 things that plasma carries.
Any 3 out of Red/white blood cells, platelets, nutrients (glucose or amino acids), carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, antibodies or antitoxins.
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What is artificial blood?
A blood substitute used to replace a lost volume of blood.
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Name 2 advantages of artificial blood.
Any two from: they don't have to match the blood type of the person, they keep a long time, they don't need to be refrigerated, they're more efficient at carrying oxygen.
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Name 2 disadvantages of artificial blood.
The effect is short lived and it is very expensive.
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Why are artificial hearts usually used?
As a temporary solution when someone cannot find a donor.
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What is the main advantage of artificial hearts?
The body's immune system doesn't recognise them as foreign so it doesn't reject them/attack them as it would with living tissue.
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Name 4 problems with artificial hearts?
Any 4 from: surgery leading to bleeding and infection. Parts of the heart could wear out or the motor could fail. Blood doesn't flow through them as smoothly- can cause blood clots leading to strokes. Patient has to take drugs to thin their blood.
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What are the benefits of artificial valves?
They prolong life, relieve symptoms, last a long time and there's a high success rate.
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What are the problems of artificial valves?
Taking blood thinners for the rest of your life and the risk of surgery.
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What is Coronary Heart Disease?
When the arteries that supply the blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by fatty deposits.
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What do stents do?
They're inserted inside arteries and they keep them open, making sure blood can pass through to the heart muscles- keeping the heart beating and the person alive.
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Which life-threatening disease can stents be used to combat?
Coronary Heart Disease.
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What are some disadvantages of stents?
They can irritate the artery and make scar tissue grow. Patient also has to take drugs to stop blood clotting on the stent.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the first circuit in the circulatory system do?

Back

It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart.

Card 3

Front

What does the second circuit in the circulatory system do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the walls of the heart mostly made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why does the heart have valves?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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