Spent 61 days in a cave in the Southern Alps - 17th September believing it was the 20th of August (rhythm settled to 24 hours but sometimes changed to 48 hours)
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Aschoff and Wever
Participants in a WW11 bunker - most rhythms were around 24/25 hours but some were as long as 29 hours
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Folkard
Participants in a cave for 3 weeks in the absence of natural external cues; went to bed at 11:45 and woke at 7:45. Most displayed a 24 hour rhythm
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Czeilser
Could alter rhythms from 22-28 hours using only dim lighting
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Duffy
13-65 hour circadian rhythm alterations. Morning people = 6am and 10pm whereas evening people = 10am and 1 am (different peak times)
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Miles et al.
Case study of a blind man whose circadian rhythm could not be altered by external cues = determinism
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Folkard
Children (12/13) had stories read to them at 9am or 3pm - afternoon group had superior recall (8% more meaningful material)
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Giesbrecht
Placed participants in cold water = decreased cognitive performance
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