A notocord, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits/clefts, a muscular, post-anal tail
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What is the notochord?
a long flexible rod between the nerve cord and digestive tube
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What is the function of the notochord?
to provide support and a flexible structure for muscles to work against
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What is the function of pharyngeal slits?
allows water to exit body without having to go through the digestive tract; filter feeding in primitive chordates, gills in lower vertebrates, ears in humans
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What is the function of a post-anal tail?
to propel aquatic species head first into unfamiliar territory
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Which of the 4 traits do urochordata have?
pharyngeal slits (larva have a nerve cord, notochord, and tail)
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Give an example of a cephalochordata
lacelets
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What is a characteristic of craniata
a neural crest, pharyngeal slits modified to gill slits
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What are some characteristics of myxini?
cartilage skull, no jaws, no vertebrae, a notochord, slime production for defence
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What are some characteristics of vertebrata?
a more extensive skull, vertebrae in addition to or replacing the notochord
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What are cephalaspidomorphi?
parasites on living fish, cartilage skeleton, and cartilaginous pipe around the notochord
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What are conodonts?
early craniates (not chordates) to show mineralisation in teeth
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what are agnathes?
vertebrates without a jaw
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What are the characteristics of gnathostomata?
gill slit supports modified to jaws increased mineralisation of endoskeleton, so sets of fins
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Give 2 examples of early gnathostomes
Placoderms and acanthodians
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What are the 3 groups of chondrichthyes
sharks, rays, & ratfish
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What is a helicoprion?
an extinct shark species with spiral saw teeth
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Which of the chordate characteristics do ray finned fish have?
a spinal cord, a tail, and gills
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What is sarcopterygii?
lope-finned fish
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What are actinistia?
a species of lope-finned fish
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what are dipnoi?
lungfish - have gills but swim bladder can function as a lung
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What are tetrapoda?
gnathostomes with limbs, feet, and earbones
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What is a tiktaalik?
intermediate between sarcopterygian fish and true tetrapods
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What are the 3 groups of amphibia?
salamanders (urodela), frogs (anura), and caecilians (apoda)
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What is the difference between amphibia larvae and amphibia adults?
larvae are aquatic and adults are terrestrial
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What are the characteristics of amniota?
lungs, scales, embryo in membrane
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the notochord?
Back
a long flexible rod between the nerve cord and digestive tube
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