Chloroplasts and photosynthetic pigments

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  • Created by: Esme.B
  • Created on: 15-11-17 18:24
Where does Photosynthesis take place?
In the Chloroplasts.
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What shape are plant chloroplasts?
Disc shape- around 2-10 (micrometers long)
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What are each plant chloroplasts surrounded by?
Double membrane, envelope. Intermembran space the width= 10-20 nanometers between the inner + outer membrane.
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List 1 feature of the outer membrane?
Highly permeable
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What are the 2 distinct regions, visible on electron micrographs inside a chloroplast?
1) Stroma = fluid-filled matrix + 2) Grana= consists of stacks of thylakoid membranes.
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Where does the first stage of photosynthesis, the light- dependent stage take place?
In the grana
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What are the 3 distinct membranes of Chloroplasts?
Outer, inner and thylakoid. - giving 3 operate internal compartments.
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Definition of 'intergranal thylakoids'?
Thylakoids within a granum may be connected to thylakoids within another granum by intergranal lamella.
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Definition of 'Thylakoids'
Flattened membrane bound sac found inside chloroplast. contains Photosynthetic pigments+Photosystems, site of light- dependent stage, This membrane= less permeable.
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What does many 'Grana' in every chloroplasts and with many chloroplasts provide?
Large surface area for: 1)distribution of phtotsystems that contain photosynthetic pigments that trap sunlight energy + 2) Electron carries + ATP synthase enzymes needed to convert that light energy into ATP
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What holds the Photosystems in place?
Proteins embedded in the thylakoids membranes
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What helps the products of the light-dependent stage easily pass to the Stroma to be used in this process?
The grana are surrounded by the Stroma.
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Definition of 'Stroma'?
Is the fluid-filled martix of chloroplasts. contains enzymes needed to catalyse reaction of light-independent stage of photosynthesis. Starch grains, oil droplets, small ribosomones + DNA
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What does the loop of DNA contain in the 'Stroma'?
Genes coding for some of the proteins needed for photosynthesis + these proteins are assembled at the chloroplast ribosomes.
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Definition of 'Photosynthetic pigment'?
Pigment that absorbs specific wavelengths of light + traps energy associated with the light. Including pigments such as, chlorophyll a + b, carotene and xanthophyll.
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Definition of 'Photosystems'
located within the thylakoid membranes of each chloroplast with funnel-shaped structures= 'Photosystems'
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What does the 'Photosystems' contain?
Photosynthetic pigments
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Definition of the 'Chlorophylls'?
Mixture of pigments= all have a similar molecular structure consisting of a porphyrin group, which is a magnesium atom + long hydrocarbon chain.
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What are the two forms of 'Chlorophyll a'?
1) P680= found in photosystem 2 (peak of absorption is light wavelength= 680 nm) 2) P700=found in photosystem 2 (peak of absorption is light wavelength= 700nm)
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List 4 similarities between the two different forms of 'Chlorophyll a'?
1) both appear blue-green 2)both situated at the centre of photosystems 3) both absorb red-light but have different absorption peaks 4) absorbs some blue light, wavelength= 440nm
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What is a photosynthetic pigment?
A molecule that absorbs light energy at specific wavelengths.
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List 2 features of 'chlorophyll b'?
1) absorbs light of wavelengths 400-500nm and around 640nm 2) appears yellow green
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List 2 features of a Carotenoid (Accessory pigment)?
Absorb blue light, wavelengths= 400-500nm- reflect yellow + orange light
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Xanthophylls?
Absorb blue and green light of wavelength of 375-550nm- reflect yellow light
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What are the three main 'Photosynthetic pigments'?
Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoids
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What's the 'Absorption spectra'?
Different pigments absorb a range of wavelengths in the visible region and have their own peak of absorption. Other wavelengths are reflected.
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Defination of 'Photosystems'
Different pigments act together to absorb as much light as possible. They are in the thylakoid membranes, arranged in funnel-shaped structures called photosystems.
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Where Photosystems I and II mainly occur?
PSI mainly occurs on the intergranal lamellae and the PSII occurs almost exclusively on the granal lamellae
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How is light harvested by the chloroplast?
1) Chlorophyll a b +a range of accessory pigments absorb light at different wavelengths.2) Electrons get excited.3) The energy is passed from one pigment to another.3) The energy is passed to the primary pigment reaction centre.
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List 3 features of 'Accessory pigments.'
1)Do not contain a porphyrin group. 2) Absorb wavelengths not well absorbed by chlorophyll. 3) Chlorophyll B and Carotenoids (Carotene and xantophyll) are the main accessory pigments.
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The region of the chloroplast where the light-dependent stage takes place
Thylakoids
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The region of the chloroplast where the light-independent stage takes place
Stroma
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Substances that absorb certain wavelengths of light and reflect others
Photosynthetic pigments
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A funnel-shaped light harvesting cluster of photosynthetic pigments, held in place in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast
Photosystem
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In a photosystem where would you find chlorophyll a?
Primary pigment reaction centre
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What are the 2 forms of chlorophyll a?
P680 (PSII) and P700 (PSI)
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How is the porphyrin group of chlorophylls different to the haem group of haemoglobin?
Contains magnesium instead of iron
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Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are examples of what?
Accessory pigments
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What shape are plant chloroplasts?

Back

Disc shape- around 2-10 (micrometers long)

Card 3

Front

What are each plant chloroplasts surrounded by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

List 1 feature of the outer membrane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the 2 distinct regions, visible on electron micrographs inside a chloroplast?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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