Childhood - Families and Households

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How is the idea that children are separated from adults emphasised in society?
Laws regulating what children can do. Differences in dress and products and services (e.g toys and play areas).
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What is the 'golden age'?
The golden age is the idea that childhood is the 'golden age' of happiness and innocence. This innocence means that children are seen as vulnerable and need protection from danger.
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What are the three ways that children are treated differently in non-industrial countries?
They take responsibility at an early age. Less value is placed on children showing adults obedience. Children sexual behaviour is viewed differently.
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How are the western norms of childhood being globalised?
International humanitarian and welfare agencies have exported and imposed on the rest of the world. E.g. campaigns against child labour reflect western norms, but this may be normal in their countries.
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What are the reasons for change in the position of children?
Laws restricting child labour. Introduction of compulsory education. Laws (1889 - Prevention of cruelty to children). Growth of the idea of children's rights. Declining family size. Laws that apply to children (e.g. age of smoking).
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What encouraged the change in children's position?
Industrialisation (e.g modern industry needs an educated workforce).
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What is the information hierarchy?
The printed word creates an information hierarchy between adults who can read and children who cannot. This gave power to adults to keep knowledge about sex, money etc a secret. Childhood became associated with ignorance and innocence.
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What is the march of progress view?
Over the past few centuries, the position of childhood in western societies has been steadily improving and today it is better than it has ever been.
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What is the child-centred family?
Family has become child-centred and children are now the focal point of the family. Parents invest a great deal in their children emotionally and financially.
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Why do conflict theorists criticise the march of progress view?
There are inequalities between children in terms of opportunities and risks. The inequalities between adults and children is greater than ever. Children experience greater control from adults.
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What are the class inequalities in childhood?
Poor mothers are more likely to have low birth-weight babies, resulting in poor development. Children on unskilled manual workers are 3 times more likely to suffer from hyperactivity. Children born in poorer families are more likely to die in infancy
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How has children's movement been regulated?
Shops may display 'no schoolchildren' signs and children are told where to play. Also, more children are being driven to school due to fears about road safety.
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How do adults control children's time?
They control their children's daily routines including when they get up, eat, go to school etc.
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How do adults have control over children's bodies?
They control how children sit, walk and what they wear. They control how children touch their own bodies (e.g. telling them not to pick their nose).
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How do adults have control over children's access to resources?
Labour laws and compulsory education exclude them from working. The state pays child benefit to the adult not the child. Pocket money may be given on terms of good behaviour.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the 'golden age'?

Back

The golden age is the idea that childhood is the 'golden age' of happiness and innocence. This innocence means that children are seen as vulnerable and need protection from danger.

Card 3

Front

What are the three ways that children are treated differently in non-industrial countries?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How are the western norms of childhood being globalised?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the reasons for change in the position of children?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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