Childhood

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Explain Aries' (1962) view on childhood pre-industrial society .
Said that Childhood did not exist. Children were 'little adults' and toys and games did not exist for them. They were regarded as economic assets.
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What is Shorter's (1975) view on the historical differences in childhood?
Attitudes were different due to high death rates and it was really hard to emotionally invest in each child individually. The modern notion of children changed after 13th century.
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What does Pilcher (1995) state about childhood?
The most important of the modern idea of childhood should be separateness. Childhood should be a clear and distinct life stage.
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What is the Marxist view on childhood?
Children are very important to modern capitalism and this is why we have a new construct of childhood in the western world.
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What is the functionalist view on childhood?
Crucial process in the modern family, young person socialised into a useful member of society.
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The Ik tribe can be used as a cross-cultural view on childhood. Explain this.
They can be extremely hostile to children as they view them as a drain on resources. They think that they should be made to fend for themselves as soon as they possibly can, this may mean from the age of 3.
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Punch's 2001 study of rural Bolivia is also a cross cultural example of childhood.
She found that once children are about 5, they are expected to take work responsibilities at home and in the community without hesitation.
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The Tikopia tribe in the Western Pacific was studied by Firth (1970) to show that less valve is placed on children showing obedience to adult authority. Explain this.
He found that doing as you are told by a grown up in this area is regarded as a concession granted by the child, not a right to be expected by the adult.
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Children's sexual behavior is often viewed differently amongst people such as the Trobriand Islanders of the South-West Pacific. Explain this.
Malinowski (1957) found that adults took an attitude of 'tolerance and amused interest' towards children's sexual explorations and activities.
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Why has the position of the child changed?
The introduction of compulsory schooling, child protection and welfare legislation, declining family size and lower infant mortality.
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What does Postman (1994) believe about the future of childhood?
Childhood will disappear. The growth of TV will mean that no secrets will be kept from children and they will be exposed to more 'adult' things. Social blurring will mean there will be little distinction between adults and children.
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Who uses the term 'age patriarchy'?
Gittins (1998) uses the term to describe inequalities between adults and children
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Attitudes were different due to high death rates and it was really hard to emotionally invest in each child individually. The modern notion of children changed after 13th century.

Back

What is Shorter's (1975) view on the historical differences in childhood?

Card 3

Front

The most important of the modern idea of childhood should be separateness. Childhood should be a clear and distinct life stage.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Children are very important to modern capitalism and this is why we have a new construct of childhood in the western world.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Crucial process in the modern family, young person socialised into a useful member of society.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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