Child language development and aquisition

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  • Created by: annie1405
  • Created on: 27-09-17 09:53
Features of Child Directed Langauge
high pitched words, Recapitulation, Question asking, elongated vowel sounds, emphasis on concrete rather then abstract concepts, Low mean length of utterance,object words at the end of sentance with phonological emphasis, agent as subject, Recasting
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Nature vs Nurture (NATURE)
Our genetics determine langauge learning. Our abilities and language learning skills are innate - Nativist, Cognitive
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Nature vs Nurture (NURTURE)
Our environment, upbringng and experienced determine out language learning
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Behaviourism
BF - Skinner. Children learn language throught imitating their parents language which results in Positive or negative reinforcement. This is known as operant Conditioning
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Positive Reinforcement
BEHAVIOURISM: The process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behaviour by offering a reward when the business is exhibited.
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Negative Reinforcement
BEHAVIOURISM: When something already present is removed as a result of a persons benhaviour, creating an unfavourable outcome for that person.
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Imitation
BEHAVIOURISM: Copying another persons speech
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Stimulus- response
BEHAVIOURISM: The idea that behaviour is produced by the response between a person and a stimulus.
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Criticisms of Behaviourism
Chomsky - all children go through smilar stages at the same time. If immitation was taking place children would go through different stages at radically different stages. Also says children product utterances they would never have heard before.
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Nativism
Noam Chomsky: Language is innate and were pre-programmed to acquire it, we posses an innate gramatical ability. Children have an inbuilt LAD (Language acquisition device). Theres a universal grammer that all humans build language from.
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Poverty of Stimulus (Impoverished Language Input)
NATIVISM: Children only come into contact with a limited amount of speech and the quality of language they hear from parents and carers isnt high enough for them to copy. Chomsky says a childs brain is biologially determined to pick up language
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Universal Grammar
NATIVISM: The concept that human languages are superficially diverse and share some fundamental similarities within grammatical structue.Theres really only 1 human laguage.
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Inborn Faculty
NATIVISM: The idea that the brain is hardwired to pick up structures and patterns, as well as language rules.
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Language Aquisition Device (LAD)
NATIVISM: The ability of the brain to make sense of langauge and to sort it into a system of patterns.
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Virtuous Errors
NATIVISM: Understandable and logical mistakes that children made which reflect their language learning process at work e.g. adding ed onto the end or irregular past tense verbs.
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Unique utterance
NATIVISM: Grammatical sentances that cannot have been copied or imitated, unique morpholocial constructions, based on an undersanding of language patterns.
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Interactional Theory
Jerome Bruner - Input's vital in helping children acquire language as it helps them develop a grasp of meaning of words and pracical realities of communication (turn taking). Parents adapt their language + engage in collaborative/ritualised exchanges
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The WUG test
Evidence that Chomsky is correct and supports nativism as it shows children dont only know words they've heard before.
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Cristicism of Nativist Theory
Too much emphasis on whats inbuilt and not enough on the importance of interaction between child and carer. Behaviousists say childrens development if regional accents evidence that innateness inst the only element of child language development.
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LASS
INTERACTIONAL THEORY: Language aquisition Support System - the system bruner called his system in response to Chomskys LAD
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Criticisms of Interactional Theory
Children learn at a smiliar rate regardless of culture, input ect. suggesting that language is innate rather then cultured
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Cognitive theory
Piaget - Langauge aquisition is a mental and emotional process and the linked to the childs cognitice developmeny. A child must have an understanding of a concept beofre tehy can verbalise it
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Criticism of Cognitive Theory
There are fuzzy areas - dont relate to the idea that concepts come first then langauge e.g. children get past tense endings before they grasp the concept. Children with medical conditions have highly advanced language -weaker conceptial understanding
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What do children need to be able to speak
Create individual phonemes and phonemic combinations, Use and understand Vocabulary, Combine words to make meaningful constructions, Use prosodic features to convey meaning, Structure exchanges, Pragmatics(Politeness strategies)
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Vegetative stage
0-4 months, Sounds of discomfort or reflexice actions. Indiscriminative sounds such as laughing ans squeeling
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Cooing Stage
4-7 months - Comfort sounds and vocal play generally a high pitched noise when the baby is happy
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Babbling Stage
6-12 months - repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds. Sounds more speechlike than cooing
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Proto-words Stage
9-12 months - Word like vocalisations not actually matching the adult target but used consistently for the same meaning. At this point gesture are also used for meaning
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Voiced sound
When vocal chords vibrate is a voiced sound e.g. Z
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Voiceless sounds
When the vocal chords do not vibrate it is a voiceless sound e.g. S
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Pamela grunwell (1987)
At younger ages children can produce plosives, nasals and approximants( 24- 36 months) whereas children can only product fricatives and Affricates at older ages such as 42-48+ months
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Early phonolical patterns/errors
Addition, Reduplication, Deletion, Assimilation, Deletion of unstressed syllables, Substitution, Switching sounds, Consonant clusters
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Our genetics determine langauge learning. Our abilities and language learning skills are innate - Nativist, Cognitive

Back

Nature vs Nurture (NATURE)

Card 3

Front

Our environment, upbringng and experienced determine out language learning

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

BF - Skinner. Children learn language throught imitating their parents language which results in Positive or negative reinforcement. This is known as operant Conditioning

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

BEHAVIOURISM: The process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behaviour by offering a reward when the business is exhibited.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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