English Language

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  • Created by: Vallins
  • Created on: 09-06-16 08:40
INSTRUMENTAL
change language to get what you want
1 of 83
REGULATORY
changing language to control others behaviour
2 of 83
INTERACTIONAL
changing language depending on our relationship with others
3 of 83
PERSONAL
how we personally speak
4 of 83
REPRESENTATIONAL
language that achieves information
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IMAGINITIVE
expressing yourself artistically
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HEURISTIC
language used when exploring the environment
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PROTO WORDS
noises that are similar to phonology of language 9-12 months
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LABELLING
naming a person, object, place or event
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REPEATING
echoing something an adult had said - immitation - Skinner
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PRACTICING
using language when adults are absent
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HOLOPHRASTIC
one word stage 12-18 months
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TWO WORD STAGE
two word combinations 18-24 months
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TELEGRAPHIC
three or more words 24-32 months
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POST-TELEGRAPHIC
more grammatically correct 36+
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PHONEMIC EXPANSION
increase of phonology to experiment a new word
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PHONEMIC CONTRACTION
phonology of sound is reduced to the main language
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DELETION
deleting the final consonant
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SUBSTITUTION
replacing one sound for another
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ADDING
adding vowels to the end of a world
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ASSIMILATION
changing a consonant/vowel for another i.e. dog - gog
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REDUPLICATION
repeating a whole syllable i.e. dada/mama
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CONSONANT CLUSTER REDUCTION
spider - pider
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DELETION OF STRESSED SYLLABLES
reducing words to polysyllabic i.e. banana - nana
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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
when a behaviour is rewarded
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NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
when a behaviour is unrewarded
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OVER EXTENSION
a word used to label something is stetched to include sounds that arent in the word
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UNDER EXTENSION
a word used to label is reduced to include only part of its original meaning
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VIRTUOUS ERROR
errors which the non standard utterance reveals some understanding i.e. goed - went
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EMERGENT WRITING
early scribble writing
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ASCENDER
part of the letter goes above the usual heights
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CURSIVE HANDWRITING
when writing is joined
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ORTHOGRAPHY
use of letters and the rules of spelling
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DESCENDER
part of the letter goes below the base line of the usual font
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OMISSION
leaving out part of a word
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ADJACENCY PAIR
dialogue that follows a set pattern
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ALLUSION
when a speaker becomes dirstracted - speaks of something outside of the set dialogue
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ASSIMILATION
words that are pronounced differently to make it easier for the speaker to pronounce
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AUXILARY VERBS
verbs used before the main verb in a sentence i.e. I HAVE seen him
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BABBLING
the production of short vowel/consonant combinations by a baby
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BIDIALECTISM
being able to switch between two forms of speechCDS
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CDS
CHILD DIRECTED SPEECH the way that caregivers talk to children
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COOING
the earliest sounds children are able to make as they experiment moving their lips and tongue
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DETERMINER
a word that goes before a noun to show possession - his, hers, my, mine - children tend to do this
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EGOCENTRIC
the early mental state of a child in which they can only understand things existing in relation to themselves
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EUPHEMISIM
a word/phrase used to substitute for harsher sounding words
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HOLOPHRASE
a single word used to express a complete idea i.e. 'ball' meaning a child wants it
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INTERNALISATION
when a child learning language starts to apply one of the language's rules consistently
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INTONATION
the pitch of a speaker's voice
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LAD
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE - the innate ability for language - chomsky
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LASS
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SUPPORT SYSTEM - the system of support from caregivers to children that helps them to acquire language - Bruner
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PHONOLOGY
the study of the sound systems of languages, in particular the patterns of sounds
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PROSODY
non verbal aspects of speech like pace, stress, pitch, intonation, volume and pauses
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SIMPLIFICATION
when a child learning to speak drops consonants or clusters to make words easier to pronounce
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uptalk
when the intonation rises at the end of speech
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BRUNER
interactional - children learn through the input of their carers
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SKINNER
immitation - children learn through immitation of adults
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CHOMSKY
nativist - children are born with the ability of language
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PIAGET
heauristic - children develop their linguistic competence alongside their ability to understand the world around them
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LENNEBERG
critical period - children have a liited period that their language can develop
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FRICATIVE
a group of consonants produced by forcing air through lips or teeth
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AMELIORATION
a word that takes on a more positive meaning
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PEJORATION
a word that takes on a more negative meaning
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WEAKENING
a word that loses the strength of its original meaning
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NARROWING
a word becomes more specific in its meaning
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BROADENING
a word keeps its original meaning but acquires others
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CLIPPING
a shortened version of a word becomes a word in its own right i.e. telephone - phone
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BORROWING
when words from one language fall into common usage in another
68 of 83
COINING
term for the creation of new words
69 of 83
DESCRIPTIVISM
an opinion that no use of language is incorrect
70 of 83
PRESCRIPTIVISM
the opinion that there should be only one way of speaking
71 of 83
DIALECT
how a person speaks
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ARTICLE
'the' - definite 'a' - indefinite
73 of 83
ARCHAISM
an old fashioned word or phrase
74 of 83
ASSONANCE
lOw smOky hOles - when the main vowel of two or more words are used close together
75 of 83
COMPOUND
a new word created by combining two or more existing words
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CONTRACTION
when a word thats formed by shortening and combining two words i.e. can't, might've
77 of 83
DEIXIS
reference to something outside the text/speech
78 of 83
DISCOURSE
piece of written or spoken language
79 of 83
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
metaphors and similies
80 of 83
NEOLOGISMS
new words that enter a language
81 of 83
POLITICAL CORRECTNESS
avoiding using language or ideas that might be offensive to certain groups of people
82 of 83
RECEIVED PRONOUNCIATION
an accent traditionally associated with educated people and upper class
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

changing language to control others behaviour

Back

REGULATORY

Card 3

Front

changing language depending on our relationship with others

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

how we personally speak

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

language that achieves information

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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