chemistry unit 2 definitions 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryEnthalpyASOCR Created by: charlieCreated on: 11-02-14 22:12 hydrocarbon organic compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen 1 of 29 saturated hydrocarbon only single bonds 2 of 29 unsaturated hydrocarbon carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds 3 of 29 aliphatic hydrocarbon carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains 4 of 29 alicyclic hydrocarbon carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure 5 of 29 functional group part of organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions 6 of 29 homologous series series of organic compounds with same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 7 of 29 alkanes homologous series with formula CnH2n+2 8 of 29 general formula simplest formula for a member of homologous series 9 of 29 structural formula minimal detail for arrangement of atoms in a molecule 10 of 29 skeletal formula simplified organic formula, hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains leaving carbon skeleton and associated functional groups 11 of 29 structural isomers molecules with same molecular formula but with different structural arrangement of atoms 12 of 29 stereoisomers compounds with same structural formula but with different arrangement of the atoms in space 13 of 29 mechanism sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons in a reaction 14 of 29 alkene formula CnH2n 15 of 29 alcohol formula CnH2n+1OH 16 of 29 stereoisomers - Cis - Z both hydrogens together attached to carbon atom in double bond (sisters) 17 of 29 stereoisomers - Trans - E both hydrogens opposite each other attached to canon atom in double bond 18 of 29 crude oils fossil fuel containing natural decay of plants and animals (mixture of HC's) 19 of 29 substitution reaction steps 1) INITIATION 2)PROPAGATION 3)TERMINATION 20 of 29 electrophilic addition of alkenes addition reaction where electrophile is attracted to electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond 21 of 29 Hess' law enthalpy change is independent of path taken, reaction takes place by more than one route, initial and final condition the same 22 of 29 Enthalpy a measure of the heat content of substance at constant pressure 23 of 29 standard enthalpy conditions pressure: 1 atmosphere, temperature: 25 degrees c 24 of 29 standard enthalpy change of combustion enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion under standard conditions, all R + P in standard states 25 of 29 standard enthalpy change of formation enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed in its standard state from its elements in their standard states. 26 of 29 enthalpy of neutralisation enthalpy change when 1 mole of water formed from its ions in dilute solution 27 of 29 bond dissociation energy required to break 1 mole of gaseous bonds to form gaseous atoms 28 of 29 green chemistry: sustainability development of processes that prevent depletion of natural resources 29 of 29
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