burn readily in air to produce carbon dioxide and water
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explain the process pf frcational distilation
crude oil is vapourised into the colum, the vapour rises up the colum it stops at it biolng point, the hydrocarbons consends and are tapped off
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explain the bioling temps in colum
the lowwr the boiling temp the hygher up the colum and they are spereated accordign too vcahin length and boiling point
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what are the molecules like at the top of the coloum
short, less viscouse, less volitile lower boiling pounts
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explai what cracking is
cracking is where ling chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbons that are more useful
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what is thermal cracking
alkanes are heated up at high tepms and at low pressure, undergo homolitic fissio to break the carbon covalent bonds, free radicals are produced and shorter alkanes and akenes are orduced
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what is catalytic cracking
low tempertaure and low pressure uses aluminuim catalsyts hetrophilic dission
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describe the intermolecular forves and how ot effects boiling point
hydrocarbons have weak induced dipole- induced dipole, small surface area so low van der waals forces meaning the metlting pount an bioling point id low
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finishe the sentance what the chain length increases........
the bioloung point increases
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chlotonation of alkanes initiation
react with halogens under uv light and undergo hoolictic fission cl = 2cl*
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chlotonation of alkanes propagation
radiacls are very reactive CH4 + CL* = HCL CH3 +CL2 = CL*
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chloronation of alkanes further substitutions and what does it form
CH3CL + CL* = HCL CH2CL* + CL2 = CL* this forms a mixture and its called radical substitution
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chloronation of alkenes termination
continues with two free radicals react CH3* + CL* = CH3CL
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structure and bonding in etherne
caontains a double bond, fo pi bond and sigma bond, doublt covalent bond between carbon and carbon and single covalent bond between carbon and hydriogen
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what is an electrophile
elcecrton deficient
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what is an electrophilic addition
alkenes undergo electophilic attac in addition reaction
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test for alkene
add bromine water and goes brown to colourless
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what is catalytic hydrogination
use hydrigen to convert single bond intoi double bond with presence of nickle cataluyst
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why is 2 bromo butane better
iots more stable
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what is an necleuphilic eleinaination reaction
a recation which splits off simple compounds when forming double bind, using hot concentrated reactanst of ethanol it encounters the eliminatiobn of hbr from bromoethan, oh- id necleouhoil
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what is the test for halogenic alkanes
heat with naoh and add silver nitrate
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
explain the process pf frcational distilation
Back
crude oil is vapourised into the colum, the vapour rises up the colum it stops at it biolng point, the hydrocarbons consends and are tapped off
Card 3
Front
explain the bioling temps in colum
Back
Card 4
Front
what are the molecules like at the top of the coloum
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