It can form 4 convalent bonds and they are relatvily strong and non-polar.
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What type of chains do carbon form?
Long chains that can be ringed or branched.
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What are diffrent ways of showing carbon compounds?
Emprical,molecular, displayed structual
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Empirical?
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (take mass or %, divide by ar, divide by lowest amount, get whole numbers)
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Molecular?
Formula that shows that actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.
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Displayed?
Shows every bond of each atom in the molecule (single,double,triple etc)
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Structual?
Each carbon wrote seperatly, showing the atoms its bonded too.
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Whats the IUPAC?
System of identifying the exact compound which we are examining.
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Root?
At the start, longest unbranched hydrocarbon chain.
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Roots?
meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex
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Prefixs?
Begining of the root.
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methyl?
Ch3
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Ethyl?
C2h5
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Propyl
C3 h7
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Butyl
c4h9
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Suffix?
end- usually functional group.
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when is a prefix used for a functional group?
if a FG already occupies the suffix.
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alkane? alkene? haloalkanes?
(1 bond- ane) ( double bond- ene), none
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alchols? aldehydes? Ketones? carboxylic acids?
OH (ol), (CHO) al (COR) one (COOH) onic acid
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Numbers?
On the front of any group or praticula point of intrest, commers before numbers and dashs between word & number.
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What is a homologous series?
Family or organic compounds with the same functional group but diffrent carbon chain lenghs.
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Eg:
alchols for example have the same functional group but diffrent chain lenghs.
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What do varying chain lenghs do?
They can effect physical properties such as melting points or boiling points, soulbility etc.
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As the chain lengh increases?
More van der walls occur as they are dependant upon moleculr size, and therefore stronger intermolecular forces and therefore higher melting points.
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As the chain becomes more branched?
Lower melthing and boiling points as they are not as closly packed and therefore less van der walls are occuring and therefore weaker atteaction, less energy needed.
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Isomers?
Same molecular formula but atoms are arranged diffrently.
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Structural?
Same molecular formula but diffrent structural formula
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Posistonal isomerism?
Functional group attached to the main chain at diffrent points
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Functional?
Diffrent functional groups
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Chain?
hydrogencarbon chain arranged diffrently.
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What is special about Cyclo prefix?
They go in a circle and therefore they can lose hydrogens (eg: C6h12 is not an alkene its just cyclohexane).
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What is a geometrical isomer?
Form of steroisomerism- Same structural formula but atoms are arranged diffrently in space.
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Example?
When drawing it out, the functional groups (if two) can swap posistions with the Hydrogen on their side.
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Z?
Z is the Normal where both functional groups are on the same side.
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E?
One of the functional groups is diagonally opposete.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What type of chains do carbon form?
Back
Long chains that can be ringed or branched.
Card 3
Front
What are diffrent ways of showing carbon compounds?
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