Chemistry Unit 1, module 2 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryPoylmers and SynthesisA2/A-levelOCR Created by: TinaCreated on: 04-02-14 11:28 What is a zwitterion? A dipolar ionic form of an amino acid formed from the donation of H+ ion from carboxyl to amino acid. No overall charge. 1 of 11 Isoelectric point pH value at which the amino acid exhists as a zwitterion. 2 of 11 Condensation reactions Elimination of water 3 of 11 Acid hydrolysis of polypeptides and proteins: reagents and conditions 6moldm-3 HCl, 25hrs, reflux 4 of 11 Alkaline hydrolysis of polypeptides and proteins: reagents and conditions NaOH, 100'C 5 of 11 Chiral carbon A carbon atom attached to 4 different atoms/ groups of atoms. 6 of 11 Hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides: 1) acid 2) base 1) NaOH/ H20 /hot 2) H+ / H2O 7 of 11 Define: pharmaceutical activity The beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter 8 of 11 What happens when a drug is made in a lab compared to from a living system? Lab: mixture of 2 optical isomers formed. 9 of 11 Advantages of using a singer optical isomer in drugs compared to a number of them? 1) risks from undesirable side effects reduced. 2) drug doses reduced. 10 of 11 Methods of making a single chiral isomer... 1) Use enzymes as biological cataylsts 2) Chiral pool synthesis 3) use of transition element complexes. 11 of 11
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