Chemistry Unit 1: Electrons, bonding and structure
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- Created by: Finlay Carr-Hopkins
- Created on: 16-04-14 16:11
First Ionisation Energy
The first ionisation energy of an element is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous +1 ions.
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Electron Shielding
Electron shielding is the repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell electrons.
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Successive Ionisation Energies
Successive ionisation energies are a measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn.
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Second Ionisation Energy
The second ionisation energy of an element is the energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
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Shell
A shell is a group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number.
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Principal Quantum Number
Principal quantum number, n, is a number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus. The sets of orbitals with the same n-value are referred to as electron shells or energy levels.
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Atomic Orbital
An atomic orbital is a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.
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Sub-Shell
A sub-shell is a group of the same type of atomic orbitals (s, p, d or f) within a shell.
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Electron Configuration
An electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom.
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Compound
A compound is a substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio, usually shown by a chemical formula.
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Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Giant Ionic Lattice
A giant ionic lattice is a three-dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions, held together by strong ionic bonds.
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Group
A group is a vertical column in the Periodic Table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer-shell electrons.
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Covalent Bond
A covalent bond is a bond formed by a shared pair of electrons.
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Lone Pair
A lone pair is an outer-shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding.
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Dative Covalent
A dative covalent is a shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only.
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Permanent Dipole
A permanent dipole is a small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms.
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Polar Covalent Bond
A polar covalent bond has a permanent dipole.
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Polar Molecule
A polar molecule has an overall dipole when you take into account any dipoles across the bonds.
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Intermolecular Force
An intermolecular force is an attractive force between neighbouring molecules.
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Permanent Dipole-Dipole Force
A permanent dipole-dipole force is a weak attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules.
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van der Waals' Forces
van der Waals' forces are attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules.
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Hydrogen Bond
A hydrogen bond is a strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom (O-H^ or N-H^) on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom (H-O:^ or H-N:^) on a different molecule.
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Metallic Bonding
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
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Delocalised Electrons
Delocalised electrons are shared between more than two atoms.
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Giant Metallic Lattice
A giant metallic lattice is a three-dimensional structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons, bonded together by strong metallic bonds.
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Simple Molecular Lattice
A simple molecular lattice is a three-dimensional structure of molecules, bonded together by weak intermolecular forces.
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Giant Covalent Lattice
A giant covalent lattice is a three-dimensional structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Electron shielding is the repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell electrons.
Back
Electron Shielding
Card 3
Front
Successive ionisation energies are a measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn.
Back
Card 4
Front
The second ionisation energy of an element is the energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
Back
Card 5
Front
A shell is a group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number.
Back
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