chemistry unit 1 definitions

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atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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relative isotopic mass
the ratio of the average mass of that isotope to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
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relative atomic mass
the ratio of the average mass of an atom to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
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relative molecular mass
the ratio of the average mass of a molecule to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
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first ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of free gaseous atoms of that element
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second ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one gaseous mole of positive ions of that element
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avogadro's number
the number of elementary particles there are in 12.000 grams on carbon-12
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mole
the amount of a substance containing the same number of elementary particles as the are in 12.000 grams of carbon-12
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empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio in which the atoms of each element in a compound are found
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molecular formula
the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the substance
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ionic boning
an attraction between oppositely charged ions
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covalent bonding
a pair of electrons shared between two atoms
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dative covalent bonding / coordinate bonding
a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, one of which provides both of the electrons
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metallic bonding
a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
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electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond
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polar bond
the existence of partial positive and negative charges on each end of the bond as a result of the unequal sharing of electrons
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s-block element
an element with only s-electrons in its outer shell
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p-block element
an element with p-electrons in its outer shell
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d-block element
an element with s, d and p-electrons in its outer shell
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functional group
an atom or group of atoms which confer specific physical and chemical properties to the molecule
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homologous series
series of compounds with the same functional group in which the molecular formula varies (by -CH2 from one member to the next)
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structural isomerism
a number of different structures having the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
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chain isomerism
the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain
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positional isomerism
the same molecular formula but the functional group is in a different position
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functional group isomerism
the same molecular formula but a different functional group
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alkanes
series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2
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alkenes
series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

mass number

Back

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Card 3

Front

relative isotopic mass

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

relative atomic mass

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

relative molecular mass

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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