chemistry revision

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metallic substance formed by combining two or more metals
alloy
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the smallest part of an element
atom
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the number of protons in a nucleous, symbol z (also called a proton number)
atomic number
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a substance that produces hydrogen when it desolves in water
acid
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compounds that react with acids to neutralise them
bases
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the minimum amount of energy needed for a given chemical reaction to take place
activation energy
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the energy needed to breack a particular chemical bond
bond energy
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a reaction vessel in which iron oxide is heated with coke and limestone to produce iron
blast fernace
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iron containing between 2% and 5% carbon
cast iron
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a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself
catalyst
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fission neutrons cause further fission, so more fission neutrons are released. these go on to produce further fission
nuclear chain reaction
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a chlorine atom that has gained one electron which gives it a negative charge
chloride ion
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a technique used to seperate a mixture of substances using a stationary and moving phase
chromotography
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the process of burning
combustion
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sand, cement and crushed rock mixed with water
cement
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heat transfer in a substance due to motion of particles in the substance
conduction
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any numerical value
continuous variable
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variable that has to be kept the same so it does not effect your investigation
controlled variable
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heat transfer in a liquid or gas due to circulation currents
convection
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the bonds formed when atoms join together by sharing electrons
covalent bonds
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electrons in a molecule wich do not belong to a single atom or bond
delocalised electrons
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the variable you measure
dependent variable
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a number given to a food additive in order to identify it in europe
E number
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a substance that conducts electricity when molten or when dissolved in water
electrolyte
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the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom
electronic structure
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a substance that is made up of only one type of atom
element
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negative particles found outside the nucleus of an atom
electrons
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a chemical formula that shows the3 ratio of the number of atoms in a compound
empirical formula
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a substance that stops the two liquids in an emultion from spreading
emulsifeir
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involving a net ABSORBTION energy
endothermic
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energy transferred from one place to another
energy transfer
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involving a net RELEASE of energy
exothermic
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a substance added to the mixture to improve its flavor, texture or shell-life
food additive
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a way of seperating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points
fractional distillation
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electrons that move freely inside a metal and are not held inside an atom
free electrons
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giant structures held together by many covalent bonds which give them high melting points and hardness
giant covalent structures
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one type of giant covalent structure
diamond
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large numbers of atoms or ions arranged in a regular way
giant stucture
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a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
hydrocarbon
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unable to dissolve in a given solvent
insoluble
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a chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom
ionic bond
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any process that atoms become charged in
ionisation
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a charged atom
ion
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atoms formed of the same element wich have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
isotopes
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fats and oils
lipids
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their ions are needed to make chlorophyll
magnesium
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the rletive formula mass of a substance in grams
mole
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a formula that shos the total number od the different kinds of atoms in a molecule
molecular fomular
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neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom
neutrons
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inert gas that takes up 90% of the earths atomosphere
nitrogen
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one of the six unreactive gases found in group 0 of the periodic table. They have a coplete outer shell of electrons. e.g. neon, argon, helium
noble gases
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rocks that contain enough metal to make it economlical to extract the metal
ores
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the overall movement of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration alons a concentratin gradient
osmosis
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losing electrons
oxidiation
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a substance consisting of very large molecules made of smaller identical molecules called monomers
polymer
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a solid material produced in a solution
precipitate
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positive particles found in the nucleus of an atom
proton
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calcium oxide
quicklime
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gaining electrons
reduction
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the mass of an atom compared to carbon12. this is usually the same as or similar to the mass nuber of the elemnt
Relative atomic mass
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a hydrocarbon which contains as many hydrocarbons as possible in each molecule
saturated
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an alloy wich returns to its origional shape when it is heated
smart alloy
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able to dissolve in a given solvent
soluble
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splitting up a substance by means of heat
thermal decomposition
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the large block of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table
transition elements/metals
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a hydrocarbon wich contains carbon-carbon double bons
unsaturated
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oils in which the molecules contain carbon atoms joined together by carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C)
unsaturated oils
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the smallest part of an element

Back

atom

Card 3

Front

the number of protons in a nucleous, symbol z (also called a proton number)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

a substance that produces hydrogen when it desolves in water

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

compounds that react with acids to neutralise them

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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