Chemistry- OCR 21st Century C4

Atoms, Line spectrums, Ionic Bonding, Alkali Metals, Halogens

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  • Created by: Khadeejah
  • Created on: 07-12-13 12:13
What are the three parts of an atom?
Neutrons, Protons and Electrons
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What is the nucleus made up of?
Neutrons and protons
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What is the mass of a proton and its charge?
Mass is 1 and it has a positive charge
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What is the mass of a neutron and its charge?
Mass is 1 and it has no charge
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What is the mass of an electron and its charge?
Mass is negligible and has a negative charge
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How did Dmitri Mendeleev order the periodic table?
He placed elements in order of relative atomic mass and he left gaps to keep elements with similar properties in the same vertical groups. Some elements did not have the same properties as others in the same group so he swapped them.
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What does the group number represent?
The number of electron in the outer shell
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What does the period number represent?
The amount of electron shells the element has
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What is the atomic mass number?
The total of all protons and neutrons
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What is the atomic number?
The number of protons and electrons
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How are ions made?
When an atom gains or loses electrons
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How does a metal become an ion?
It loses its electrons in the outer shell to become stable. It becomes positively charged.
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How does a non-metal become an ion?
It gains electrons in the outer shell until it is full to become stable. It becomes negatively charged.
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What is electron configuration?
The number of electrons in each shell
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How many electrons can each shell hold?
The first shell can hold 2 electrons and the other shells can hold up to 8 electrons.
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How are ions held together?
By the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
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What is the electron configuration of each ion the same as?
The nearest noble gas
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What is the number of charges on an ion equal to?
The valency of the element
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What do the charges in an ionic compound add up to?
They add up to 0
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What are positively charged ions called?
Cations
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What are negatively charged ions called?
Anions
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What types of metals are in Group 1?
Alkali Metals
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Why does reactivity increase as you go down Group 1?
Because the outer shell electrons get progressively further away from the nucleus so the force of attraction between the protons and electrons in outer shells weaken, they can be lost more easily.The outer electron is shielded from nuclear attraction
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What is made when a metal and non-metal react?
A salt
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What is the trend in density in Group 1?
As you go down the group the density increases slightly
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What is the trend in melting and boiling points in Group 1?
They decrease because the atoms are more reactive
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What is the colour of all compounds in Group 1 and why?
White because we know sodium chloride is white
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What do alkali metals produce when reacted with cold water?
Hydrogen gas
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What are Group 7?
The halogens, all non-metals and diatomic.
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What colour is fluorine?
Pale yellow
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What colour is chlorine?
Pale green
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What colour is bromine?
Brown
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What colour is iodine?
A grey solid and purple gas
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What colour is astatine?
Black
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Which halogens are gases at room temperature?
Fluorine and chlorine
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What halogen is liquid at room temperature?
Bromine
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Which halogens are solids at room temperature?
Iodine and astatine
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What happens to the reactivity in Group 7 as you go down?
They become less reactive because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and so additional electrons are attracted less strongly
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What happens to the melting and boiling point as you go down Group 7?
They increase because the elements become less reactive
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What happens when an alkali metal reacts with a halogen?
A salt called a metal hallide is made
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What happens when a halogen reacts with iron?
They form coloured solids called iron hallides
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What is always made when a halogen reacts with another element?
A salt
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What is the chemical test to detect the presence of a halogen?
Add 4-5 drops of silver nitrate to a compound containing a halogen
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If chlorine is present what colour would its precipitate be?
White
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If bromine is present what colour would its precipitate be?
Cream
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If iodine is present what colour would its precipitate be?
Yellow
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What is made when chlorine and potassium iodide react and why?
Potassium chloride and iodine is made because chlorine is more reactive than bromine so it displaces bromine from its compound
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What is a displacement reaction with a halogen?
Where a more reactive halogen takes the place of a less reactive halogen in a compound
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How do you carry out a flame test?
Wear eye protection, clean the end of a nichrome wire by dipping it in HCl and heating it until the wire doesn't colour the bunsen flame, dip the wire in the substance and put the tip of the wire in the non-luminous part of the flame.
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What should you do to the wire between successive tests?
Clean it with HCl and by heating it
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What should you do if sodium is present?
View the flame through a blue glass
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What is the flame colour for lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium and copper in this order?
Bright red, yellow, orange, lilac, red-orange, green, crimson, blue-green
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How can alkali metals be identified?
With flame tests
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What is spectroscopy?
The study in which atoms and molecules absorb and emit light
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Explain what creates the line spectra of an atom.
Heating electrons gives them energy so they move to different shells further from the nucleus, as they drop back down they emit energy as light. Each jump corresponds to a colour. Only certain jumps are possible so the spectrum is a series of lines
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What is the state of sodium and its colour?
Solid and grey
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What is the state of sodium chloride and its colour?
Solid and white
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What is the hardness of sodium?
Soft
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What is the hardness of sodium chloride?
Hard
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Is sodium a conductor or insulator?
Conductor
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Is chlorine a conductor or insulator?
Insulator
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Is sodium chloride a conductor or insulator?
Insulator
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What is the behavior of sodium in water?
It fizzes violently then dissolves
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What is the behavior of chlorine and sodium chloride in water?
They dissolve
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What type of chemical is sodium?
Alkali metal
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What type of chemical is chlorine?
Toxic non-metal
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What type of chemical is sodium chloride?
Harmless compound
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Why aren't pipes made of potassium?
It reacts with water
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What is the chemical formula for carbonate and its valency?
CO3 with a valency of 2
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What is the chemical formula for hydroxide and its valency?
OH with a valency of 1
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What is the chemical formula for nitrate?
NO3 with a valency of 1
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What is the chemical formula for sulphate and its valency?
SO4 with a valency of 2
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What is the chemical formula of ammonia and its valency
NH4 with a valency of 1
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What is the chemical formula of magnesium hydroxide?
Mg(OH)2
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What is the chemical formula for aluminium sulphate?
Al2(SO4)3
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What is the name the reaction taking place in this equation: 2Mg+O2--> 2MgO
Oxidation
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Card 2

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What is the nucleus made up of?

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Neutrons and protons

Card 3

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What is the mass of a proton and its charge?

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Card 4

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What is the mass of a neutron and its charge?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the mass of an electron and its charge?

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