When the H- of an acid is replaced with a metal ions or an NH(4)+ ion.
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Covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons, one electron from each atom.
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Dative covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons, both electrons from one atom.
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Polar covalent bond
Covalent bond between atoms with different electronegativities; bonded electron pair is closer to the more electronegative atom.
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Ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Metallic bond
Attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons.
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Electronegativity
Attraction that a bonded atom has for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Empirical formula
Whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
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EPRT (Electro pair repulsion theory)
pairs of e-s repel; no. of e- pairs around the central atom determines the shape of the molecule.
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Ionisation energy- 1st
Energy needed to remove one e- from each atom in a mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of 1+ ions.
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Ionisation energy - 2nd
Energy need to remove one e- from 1+ ions in a mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of 2+ ions.
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same no. of protons but different no. of neutrons in the nuclei.
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Molecular formula
Actual no. of atoms of each element in a molecule.
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Polar molecule
Has an overall dipole ie the electron density is not equally distributed resulting areas of low electron density , δ+ and areas of high electron density δ-.
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Oxidisation
Loss of electrons.
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Reduction
Gain electrons
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Relative atomic mass
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C.
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Relative formula mass
Weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C.
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Relative isotopic mass
Mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C.
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Relative molecular mass
Weighted mean mass of one molecule of a substance compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Proton acceptor
Back
Base
Card 3
Front
When the H- of an acid is replaced with a metal ions or an NH(4)+ ion.
Back
Card 4
Front
Shared pair of electrons, one electron from each atom.
Back
Card 5
Front
Shared pair of electrons, both electrons from one atom.
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