Chemistry Definitions 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? ChemistryAlcoholsASOCR Created by: maddie12345Created on: 21-12-14 11:04 alicyclic hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure. 1 of 19 aliphatic hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains. 2 of 19 alkanes The homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2. 3 of 19 alkyl group An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are often shown as ‘R’. 4 of 19 dehydration An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule. 5 of 19 displayed formula A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them. 6 of 19 elimination reaction The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule. 7 of 19 empirical formula The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. 8 of 19 esterification The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water. 9 of 19 functional group The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions. 10 of 19 general formula The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series. For example, the general formula of the alkanes is CnH2n+2. 11 of 19 hydrocarbon A compound of hydrogen and carbon only. 12 of 19 nomenclature A system of naming compounds. 13 of 19 reflux The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry. 14 of 19 saturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with single bonds only. 15 of 19 skeletal formula A simplified organic formula, with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups. 16 of 19 structural formula A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 17 of 19 structural isomers Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural arrangements of atoms. 18 of 19 unsaturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds. 19 of 19
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