Chemistry Crude Oil
Covers Crude oil, fractional distillation, alkanes, alkenes, densiry, monomer, polymers and nanotechnology
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- Created by: Khadeejah
- Created on: 02-03-13 09:09
What is crude oil formed from?
Dead sea creatures that have fallen from the sea floor
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How is pressure built up on top of the dead sea creatures?
From layers of sediment and heat from under neath the Earth
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What is the oil trapped under?
A cap rock
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What is crude oil a mixture of?
Hydrocarbons
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What is fractional distillation?
Where the oil is split up into fractions according to their boiling points and length.
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What are the fractions of crude oil?
Petrol, Naptha, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel for heating and Lube Oil
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What is produced by fractional distillation?
Alkanes
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Describe the structure of alkanes.
They have single bonds between the carbon atoms and the general formula is CnH2n+2
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Name the first four alkanes and their chemical formula.
Methane- CH4 Ethane-C2H6 Propane-C3H8 Butane-C4H10
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Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
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What does it mean if a hydrocarbon is saturated
They have single bonds between the carbon atoms and no other atoms can join on to them
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What is produced when alkanes are burnt?
Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour
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What does cracking do?
It makes alkanes shorter and more useful
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What is made from cracking?
Alkenes
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Describe the structure of alkenes.
They are unsaturated because they have double bonds which can be broken so other atoms can join on to them. The general formula is CnH2n.
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What are small alkenes called?
Monomers
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What are longer alkenes called?
Polymers
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How are polymers made?
Addition Polymerization, where monomers are repeated to make longer chains.
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Name the first four alkenes and their chemical formula.
Ethene-C2H4 Propene-C3H6 Butene-C4H8 Pentene-C5H10
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What are the four monomers?
Ethene, Chloroethene, Styrene and Propene
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What is a repeating unit?
The section of the monomer that is repeated to make a polymer, it has single bonds and the brackets that must go through the outer lines.
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What is polyethene used for?
Cling film and plastic bottles.
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What is polychloroethene used for?
Credit cards and wellies.
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What is polystyrene used for?
Packaging foam and fast food cartons.
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What is polypropene used for?
Plastic crates and synthetic ropes.
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What conditions are high density polymers made under?
Low temp and medium pressure.
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Describe the structure of high density polymers.
They have few branches so the forces of attraction between the polymer strands is stronger so they can be packed closely together.
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What conditions are low density polymers made under?
High temp and very high pressure.
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Describe the structure of low density polymers.
They have many branches so the polymer strands are held further apart and cannot pack closely together. The forces of attraction are weaker.
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What is nanotechnology?
The control of structures that are 1x10^-9m
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The smaller the nano particle...
The bigger the surface area: volume
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Describe the atoms on the surface.
They are more reactive than particles at the centre and this is why nano-particles are very reactive to unusual properties.
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What is designer polymer?
A polymer that has been altered to fit a certain purpose.
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Name three designer polymer.
Gore-tex, Kevlar and Velcro
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What are the advantages of nano technology?
It can alter clothes to make them stain resistant, enhance medicine and record health.
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What are the disadvantages of nano technology?
Nano tubes are similar to abestos fibres which cause lung cancer, they can multiply in the food chain, they can penetrate the skin, nano-oncotox can increase strokes and nano-bots can destroy other life.
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What is a plasticizer?
An oily liquid and it's small molecules are put in between polymer chains. This holds the chains further apart and weakens the forces of attraction. Less energy is needed so they can slide over easily and are softer with lower melting point
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When can plasticizers be used?
With PVC which is used for guttering but with a plasticiser is can be used for clothes.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How is pressure built up on top of the dead sea creatures?
Back
From layers of sediment and heat from under neath the Earth
Card 3
Front
What is the oil trapped under?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is crude oil a mixture of?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is fractional distillation?
Back
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