Chemistry C3

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Activated Carbon
Carbon that contains very many pores in its structure so has a very large surface area. This means that it can adsorb substances that would give water a bad taste or smell.
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Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy that particles need in order to react when they collide.
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Adsorption
Process in which molecules of a substance sticks to the surface of a solid such as activated carbon.
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Alcohol
Organic compound that contains the functional group -OH
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Alkali Metal
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium).
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Ammonia
The simplest compound of hydrogen and nitrogen. The molecular formula is NH3.
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Bond Energy
The amount of energy required to break a bond in a molecule.
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Burette
Piece of apparatus used to measure accurately the volume of liquid delivered to a container.
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Carbon Neutral
Describes a fuel that absorbs as much carbon dioxide when it is made as it gives out when it burns.
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Carboxylic Acid
Organic compound that contains the functional group -COOH.
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Closed System
System in which no material can enter of leave.
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Concentration
Mass of solute in a given volume of a solution, usually measured in g/cm3 or mol/cm3
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Concentration Gradient
Difference in concentration of a substance from one region to another.
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Desalination
Process of removing salts from seawater, making the water fit to drink.
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Distillation
Process of obtaining a product from a mixture by boiling the mixture so that the product evaporates and can be collected.
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Dynamic Equilibrium
The state of a reversible reaction when the forward reactions are taking place at the same rate.
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End Point
The point in a titration when the chemical being added has reacted exactly with the chemical in the flask or beaker.
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Endothermic
Describes a reaction in which heat is absorbed from the surroundings.
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Energy Level Diagram
Diagram showing the relative amounts of energy stored in the reactants and products of a reaction.
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Ester
Compound formed by the reaction of an alcohol with an acid. Their molecules contain the functional group -COO-.
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Esterfication
Reversible reaction between an acid and an alcohol to form an ester.
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Ethanoic Acid
Carboxylic acid with the molecular formula CH3 COOH
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Ethanol
Alcohol whose molecular formula is CH3 CH2 OH.
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Evaporation
Liquid turning into a gas. Evaporation transfers heat energy away so it cools the surface from which the liquid evaporates.
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Exothermic
Describes a reaction in which heat is transferred to the surroundings.
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Flame Test
Test that helps to identify metals in compounds by observing the colour a compound produces in the flame of a Bunsen Burner.
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Fluoridated Water
Water that has had a fluorine compound (usually sodium fluoride) added to it. This helps to reduce tooth decay.
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Fuel Cells
Device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy without using combustion.
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Functional Group
Reactive group of atoms in an organic molecule that gives the molecules particular chemical properties.
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Haber Process
Industrial process by which ammonia is made from hydrogen and nitrogen gases.
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Halide Ion
Negative ion formed from a halogen atom by the loss of on electron
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Halogen
An element in group 7 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,astatine).
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Hard Water
Water that does not easily form a lather with soap.
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Heat Exchanger
Device for transferring energy from a hot output stream to a cold input stream so that the energy is not wasted.
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Homologous Series
Series of organic compounds that contain different numbers of carbon atoms but the same functional group. They have a common general formula.
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Induced
One thing having caused something else to happen in a system.
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Internal Combustion Engine
Engine in which the energy produced by burning fuel in a cylinder is used to drive a piston or turbine.
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Ion Exchange Column
Column containing an ion exchange resin. The resin holds sodium ions and as hard water passes over it the calcium or magnesium ions in the water are exchanged for sodium ions.
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Law Of Octaves
Observation by the English chemist John Newlands (1837-1898) that when the elements are arranged in order of their atomic weight, each successive eighth element shows similar properties.
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Methanoic Acid
Carboxylic acid with the formula HCOOH.
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Methanol
Alcohol with the molecular formula CH3 OH.
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Microstrainer
A rotating drum covered in a fine mesh, used to remove particles such as algae from water.
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Organic Compound
Compound of carbon.
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Particulate
Small particles, mostly of carbon (soot), formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
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Permanent Hard Water
Water from which the hardness cannot be removed by boiling the water.
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Pipette
Piece of apparatus designed accurately a particular volume of liquid.
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Pollutant
Substance put into the environment by human activity, which is not normally there.
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Pollution
Contamination of the environment by harmful substances.
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Potometer
Substance put into the environment by harmful substances.
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Propanoic Acid
Carboxylic acid with the molecular formula CH3 CH2 COOH.
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Propanol
Alcohol with the molecular formula CH3 CH2 CH2 OH.
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Reversible Reaction
Reaction in which the products of a reaction can react to produce the original reactants.
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Rough Titration
Titration carried out to give an approximate value for the end point.
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Sand Filter
A deep bed of sand that removes bacteria and fine particles of solid from water as the water passes through it.
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Soft Water
Water that easily forms a lather with soap.
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Solute
Substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
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Strong Acid
Describes an acid that has all of its molecules ionised when dissolved in water.
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Temporary Hard Water
Water from which the hardness can be removed by boiling the water.
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Titration
Reaction carried out using a solution whose concentration is known to find out the concentration of a chemical in a second solution.
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Transition Element
Describes a metallic element in the central block of the periodic table. Transition elements are hard and have high melting points. They can form ions with different positive charges and are often good catalysts.
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Washing Soda
The compound sodium carbonate, which removes hardness when it is dissolved in hard water.
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Weak Acid
Describes an acid that has only some of its molecules ionised when dissolved in water.
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Yield
Amount of the required product made in a reaction.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Minimum amount of energy that particles need in order to react when they collide.

Back

Activation Energy

Card 3

Front

Process in which molecules of a substance sticks to the surface of a solid such as activated carbon.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Organic compound that contains the functional group -OH

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

An element in Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium).

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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