Incorrectly measuring liquids. Incorrectly weighing solids. Not fully filling the measuring cylinder. Gas escaping before bung is fitted. Some Hydrogen dissolving in the water.
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Decreasing SURFACE AREA
SAME volume. DECREASED rate of reaction.
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Increasing CONCENTRATION
INCREASED volume. INCREASED rate of reaction.
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Percentage Error
(Maximum Error / Value of Measurement) x 100%
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HNO3 vs. H2SO4
H2SO4 has 2 moles of H, therefore would produce twice the volume.
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HNO3 vs. HCl
Same amount of moles of H, therefore same volume produced.
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Benefits of a GAS SYRINGE
Hydrogen can no longer dissolve in water.
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Benefits & Problems of TAP FUNNEL
+ Gas can no longer escape. - Present gas is displaced by HNO3
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