chemistry

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Compound
These are formed when two or more elements react together
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How are stable electronic structures formed?
When the atoms of elements join together by sharing electrons or by transferring electrons
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Covalent bonding
When atoms of non metalic elements join together by sharing electrons
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ionic compounds
when metalic elements react with non metalic elemements
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positive ions
Are formed when metal atoms lose electrons
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negative ions
Are formed when non metals gain electrons
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ionic bonding
When oppositely charged ions attract each other in the ionic compound
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each electron in an atom is an ....
energy level
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electrons with the lowest energy level are closest to the...
nucleus
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what is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called?
mass number
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atoms that have the same elements have the same...
atomic number
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protons and electrons in an atom must be the same but the ..... can be different
neutrons
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isotopes
atoms with the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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the number of neutrons in an atom is
equal to the mass number - the atomic number
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what type of structure is ionic bonding?
giant structure
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what holds the ionic bonds together?
electrostatic forces or strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions
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lattice
a giant 3d network of particles
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what form do ionic compounds have at room temperature?
solid
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why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
they have a giant structure where many strong electrostatic forces hold the ions together which takes alot of energy to overcome and melt
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how can ionic solids dissolve in water?
water molecules can split up the lattice
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why can ionic substances conduct electricity when molten or when dissolved in water?
the ions can freely move and carry the charge
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non metals need to gain electrons to achieve....
stable electronic structures
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substances that have atoms held together by covalent bonding are called....
molecules
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what sort of boiling and melting points do simple molecules have?
low
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What are forces of attraction between molecules called?
intermolecular forces
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do simple molecules conduct elecricity?
no
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why are substances with larger molecules more likely to to be liquids of solids than gases at room temprature?
the intermolecular forces are greater for larger molecules
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why do substances with giant covalent structures have very high melting points?
every atoms is joined by several other atoms meaning many strong covalent bonds need to be broken so it takes a large amount of energy to melt the giant structure
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which electrons in an atom are involved in bonding?
outer electrons
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what happens to electrons in atoms when ionic bonds are formed?
They are TRANSFERRED/ METAL atoms LOSE electrons & NON METAL atoms GAIN electrons
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What happens to electrons in atoms when covalent bonds are formed?
They are SHARED/ for each covalent bond, one pair of electrons is shared
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why do the elements in group 1 form ions with a single positive charge?
they lose their one outer electron
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why do the elements in group 7 form ions with a single negative charge?
they gain one electron so their outer shell has 8 electrons (noble gas structure)
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what are fullerenes?
forms of carbon, large molecules, cage shaped
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why does it take alot of energy to melt sodium chloride?
it has a giant structure with strong electrostatic forces
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why do ionic compounds need to be molten or in solution to conduct electricity?
ions cant move in solid but can move freely in molten or solution.
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why can graphite conduct electricity
they are delocolised electrons
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How are stable electronic structures formed?

Back

When the atoms of elements join together by sharing electrons or by transferring electrons

Card 3

Front

Covalent bonding

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

ionic compounds

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

positive ions

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

Alaindr

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Wow this flashcards don't make sense. Very bad explanations...

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