Chemistry 3 - Water

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What Does Water Naturally Contain?
Micro-Organisms and Dissolved Salts
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How is Safe Drinking Water Usually Produced? (3 Steps)
1) The Water Is Passed Through a filter bed to remove any solid particles. 2) Chlorine Gas is added to kill any harmful micro-organisms. 3) Fluoride is added to drinking water in order to reduce tooth-decay.
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What can you do to improve the taste and quality of tap water?
Pass water through a filter containing carbon, silver and ion exchange resins.
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How is water distilled and why is it an expensive process?
water is boiled to produce steam which is condensed by cooling it to produce pure liquid water. This process uses a lot of energy which makes distillation a very expensive process.
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What determines if water is hard or soft?
The amount of compounds present.
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What is soft water and how does it form a lather with soap?
Soft water does not contain many dissolved compounds so it readily forms a lather with soap.
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Why is Hard Water hard and what happens when it reacts with soap?
Hard water contains calcium or magnesium ions that dissolve in natural water. It contains these ions as it flows over rocks and the ground which contain these elements. These dissolved substances react with soap to form a lather.
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What are the advantages of hard water? Give an example of the advantage.
1) The Dissolved compounds in water are good for your health. (E.g calcium helps to develop strong bones)
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What are the dis-advantages of hard water?
1) More soap is required to form a lather which increases costs. 2) Using hard water often leads to scale. Scale can reduce efficiency on heating elements (E.g Kettle)
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How can you make hard-water soft? Name two process of how you can do this.
The Dissolved Calcium and Magnesium Ions need to be removed. This can be done by adding sodium carbonate solution which reacts with the sodium and magnesium ions to form calcium carbonate and and magnesium carbonate. Also use an ion-exchange column.
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How Does an Ion Exchange Column Work?
An ion exchange column contains a resin that supplies hydrogen ions or sodium ions. As the hard water passes through the resin, the calcium and magnesium ions contained in it are replaced by hydrogen or sodium ions from the resin.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How is Safe Drinking Water Usually Produced? (3 Steps)

Back

1) The Water Is Passed Through a filter bed to remove any solid particles. 2) Chlorine Gas is added to kill any harmful micro-organisms. 3) Fluoride is added to drinking water in order to reduce tooth-decay.

Card 3

Front

What can you do to improve the taste and quality of tap water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is water distilled and why is it an expensive process?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What determines if water is hard or soft?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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