Chemistry 2- Alkenes

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Created by: Lewis James
Created on: 22-04-13 22:04

What are alkanenes and cycloalkenes?

unsaturated hydrocarbons

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What orbital is formed when p orbitals overlap

π-bond (pi bond)

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What shape is around the double bonded carbon atoms in alkenes?

trigonal planar (120 degrees)

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describe the four addition (two reactants make one product) reactions of alkenes (ie ethene propene)

1 with hydrogen in presence of suitable catalyst (Ni nickel) to form alkanes 2 with halogens to form dihalogenoalkanes eg with bromine do detect unsaturation/double bond (double bond decolourises orange) 3hydrogen halides eg hbr to from halogenoalkan

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ctd

es 4 with steam in the presence of acid catalyst (phosphoric acid) to form alcohols

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what is an electrophile?

electron pair acceptor

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what are the uses of alkenes

used in industrial production of organic (containing carbon) compounds

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give two examples of uses of alkenes

1 making margarine by catalytic hydrogenation (adding a hydrogen) to unsaturated vegetable oils using hydrogen and nickel catalyst 2 the formation of a range of polymers

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outline three ways waste polymers are processed

1 seperation into types (eg ptfe) and recycling 2 combustion for energy production 3 feedstock for cracking (material required for it to happen) in the production of plastics (moldable organic solids) and other chemicals

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outline two ways that chemists minimise environmental damage from waste polymers

1 removal of toxic waste products (ie removing hcl formed during combustion of halogenated plastics) 2 development of biodegradable and compostable polymers eg isoprene, maize and starch

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