Chemistry 1A - Products from Rocks: Getting Metals from Rocks

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Most metals are found as compounds in rocks. Name one metal that is found in the Earth as the metal itself.
Gold.
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What is a metal ore?
A metal ore is a rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it.
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In most cases, the ore is an ______ of the metal.
Oxide.
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Most metals need to be extracted from their ores using what?
A chemical reaction.
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Name two ways a metal can be extracted from its ore.
Reduction or Electrolysis.
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What does concentration of an ore before extraction involve?
Getting rid of the unwanted rocky material.
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Which element is used to extract metal from its ore by reduction?
Carbon
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What happens to oxygen when an ore is reduced?
Oxygen is removed from it.
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What is the reactivity series?
A list that contains metals that shows how reactive they are, with the more reactive metals being placed at the top and the less reactive metals being placed at the bottom.
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Which metals in the reactivity series can be extracted through reduction?
Those below carbon.
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Which metals in the reactivity series can be extracted through electrolysis?
Those above carbon.
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Define electrolysis.
Electrolysis is the breaking down of a substance using electricity.
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Electrolysis requires a liquid. Why?
To conduct the electricity.
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The liquid used in electrolysis is usually one of two things. Name them.
1. Metal salt solution or 2. Molten metal oxide.
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Why is extracting aluminium through electrolysis an expensive process?
It reqiores a high temperature to melt aluminium oxide so that the aluminium can be extracted. This uses a lot of energy, and is expensive.
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What is the 1st step of electrolysis?
1. A copper salt solution is used to conduct the electricity.
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What is the 2nd step of electrolysis?
Copper atoms from the positive electrode turn into Cu2+ ions. They go into the copper salt solution.
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What is the 3rd step of electrolysis?
3. The Cu2+ ions move towards the negative electrode.
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What is the 4th (Final) step of electrolysis?
4. At the negative electrode the ions turn into copper atoms - making pure copper metal.
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You can extract Copper from a solution using a ________________________.
Displacement Reaction.
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Describe displacement.
If you put a reactive metal in a solution of a metal compound dissolved in water, the reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in the compound.
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Why does displacement happen?
It is because the more reactive metal bonds more strongly to the non-metal bit of the compound and pushes out the less reactive metal.
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Write out the word equation for the displacement of copper from copper sulfate using iron.
Copper Sulfate + Iron = Iron Sulfate + Copper
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Name two "New" methods used to extract copper.
Bioleaching and Phytomining.
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Describe bioleaching.
Bioleaching uses bacteria to seperate copper from copper sulfide. The leachate (the solution produced by the process) contains copper. The copper can be extracted from the leachate, e.g. by filtering.
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Describe phytoming.
Phytomining involves growing plants in soil that contain copper. The plants can't use the copper so it builds up in the leaes. The plants can be harvested, dried and burned in a furnace, the copper can be collected from the ash left in the furnace.
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Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using a "new" method of extracting copper.
Advantage: Smaller impact on the environment. Disadvantage: Slower.
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Name two pros to extracting metals.
1. Metal can be made into uesful products that we need. 2. It provides jobs and brings money into the economy.
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Name two cons to extracting metals.
1. Mining ores is bad for the environment as it causes noise, damage to the landscape and loss of habitats. 2. Deep mineshafts can also be dangerous for a long time after the mine has been abandoned.
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Mining and extracting metals takes lots of energy. Where does most of that energy come from?
Burning fossil fuels.
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Why is it important to use less fossil fuels?
They are running out.
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Name three environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels?
1. Acid rain 2. Global dimming 3. Climate change.
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Name four benefits of recycling.
1. Much less energy used 2. Saves money 3. Metals are less likely to run out. 4. Cuts down amount of rubbish sent to landfill which takes up space and pollutes the surroundings.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a metal ore?

Back

A metal ore is a rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it.

Card 3

Front

In most cases, the ore is an ______ of the metal.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Most metals need to be extracted from their ores using what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name two ways a metal can be extracted from its ore.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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