Chemistry Words

?
  • Created by: elena9078
  • Created on: 22-05-17 15:20
Acid
Solution with pH of less than 7
1 of 181
Acid rain
Rain water which is made more acidic by pollutant gases
2 of 181
Algal Bloom
A thick mat of algae near the surface of water which stops sunlight getting through
3 of 181
Alkali metals
Very reactive metals in group 1 of the periodic table, e.g; sodium
4 of 181
Alkalis
Substances which produce OH- ions in waters
5 of 181
Alkanes
A family of hydrocarbons found in crude oil with single covalent bonds; e.g; methane
6 of 181
Alkenes
A family of hydrocarbons with one double covalent bond between carbon atoms
7 of 181
Allotropes
Different forms of the same element
8 of 181
Alloy
Mixture of two or more metals - used to make coins, for example
9 of 181
Amalgam
An alloy which contains mercury
10 of 181
Anode
Electrode with a postive charge
11 of 181
Atom
the basic 'building block' of an element which cannot be chemically broken down
12 of 181
Atom economy
A way of measuring the amount of atoms that are wasted or lost when a chemical is made
13 of 181
Atomic number
The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
14 of 181
Attract
Move towards, for example, unlike charges attract
15 of 181
Bacteria
Single celled microrganisms which can either be free living organisms or parasites ( they sometimes invade the body and cause disease)
16 of 181
Balance symbolic equation
A symbolic representation showing the kind and amount of the starting materials and products of a reaction
17 of 181
Barium chloride
Testing chemical fro sulfates in water
18 of 181
Basalt
A rock forms when iron rich magama cools
19 of 181
Batch process
A process used to make small fixed amounts of substances, like medicines, with a clear start and finish
20 of 181
Biofuels
Fuels amde from plants - these can be burned in power stations
21 of 181
Biological catalysts
Molecules in the body that speed up chemical reactions
22 of 181
Bitumen
Thick tar like substance that does not boil in a fractionating column
23 of 181
Boiling point
Temperature at which the bulk of a liquid changes into a gas
24 of 181
Brass
An alloy which contains copper and zinc
25 of 181
Bromine
An orange, corrosive halogen, used to test alkenes
26 of 181
Buckminsterfullerene
A very stable sphere of 60 carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds. An allotrope of carbon
27 of 181
Carbon
A very important element, carbon is present in all living things and forms, a huge range of compounds with other elements
28 of 181
Carbon cycle
A natural cycle through which carbon moves by respiration, photosynthesis and combustion in the form of carbon dioxide
29 of 181
Carbon dioxide
Gas present in the atmosphere at a low percentage but imporant in respiration, photosynthesis and combustion; greenhouse gas which is emitted into the atmosphere as a by-product of combustion
30 of 181
Carbon monoxide
Poisonous gas made when fuels burn in a shortage of oxygen
31 of 181
Carbon -14
Radioactive isotope of carbon
32 of 181
Carotene
Plant pigment involved in photosynthesis
33 of 181
Catalyst
A chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not changed or used up by reaction
34 of 181
Cataytic converters
Boxes fitted to vehicle exhausts which reduce the level of nitrogen oxides and unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust fumes
35 of 181
Cathode
Electrode in a battery with a negative charge
36 of 181
Cement
The substance made when limestone and clay are heated together
37 of 181
Charges
A property of matter charge exists in two forms, positive and negative, which attract each other
38 of 181
Chemical properties
The characteristic reactions of substances
39 of 181
Chlorination
Addition of chlorine to water supplies to kill micro-organisms
40 of 181
Chromatography
A method of splitting up a substance to identify compounds and check for purity
41 of 181
Close Packed Metal Ions
Structure of a metal
42 of 181
Colllison frequency
The number of successful collisions between reacting particles that happen in one second
43 of 181
Colloid
A liquid with small particles dispersed throughout it, forming neither solution nor sediment
44 of 181
Combustion
Process where fuels react with oxygen to produce heat
45 of 181
Complete combustion
When fuels burn in excess of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water only
46 of 181
Composite material
A material which consists of identifiably different substances
47 of 181
Compound
Two or more elements which are chemically joined together e.g ; h20
48 of 181
Compressions
Particles pushed together, increasing pressure
49 of 181
Concentration
The amount of chemical dissolved in a certain volume of solution
50 of 181
Concrete
A form of artifical stone
51 of 181
Conservation of mass
The total mass of reactants equal the total mass of products formed
52 of 181
Corrode
To lose strength due to chemical attack
53 of 181
Covalent bond
Bond between atoms where an electron pair is shared
54 of 181
Cracking
The process of making small hydrocarbon molecules from larger hydrocarbon molecules using a catalyst
55 of 181
Crude oil
Black material mined from the Earth from which petrol and many other products are made
56 of 181
Decolourise
Turn from a coloured solution to a colourless solution
57 of 181
Decomposed
Chemically broken down
58 of 181
Degassing
Gases coming out of volcanoes
59 of 181
Delocalised Electrons
Electrons which are free to move away through a collection of ions - as in a metal
60 of 181
Density
The density of a substance is found by dividing mass by its volume
61 of 181
Di - bromo compound
Colourless compound resulting from an alkene and bromine solution
62 of 181
Diffuse
When particles diffuse they spread out
63 of 181
Displacement reaction
Chemical reaction where one element displaces or 'pushes out' another element from a compound
64 of 181
Displayed formula
When the formula of a chemical is written showing all the atoms and all the bonds
65 of 181
Disposal
Getting rid of unwanted substances such as plastics
66 of 181
Distillation
The process of evaporation followed by condensation
67 of 181
Dot and Cross material
A drawn model representing the number of electrons in the outside shell of bonding atoms or ions
68 of 181
Double covalent bond
Covalent bond where each atom shares two electrons with the other atom
69 of 181
Drag
Energy losses caused by the continual pushing of an object against air or a liquid
70 of 181
Efficiency
Ratio of useful energy output to total energy input; can be expressed as a percentage
71 of 181
Electrolysis
When an electric current is passed through a solution which conducts electricity
72 of 181
Electrolyte
The liquid in which electrolysis takes place
73 of 181
Electron shells
The orbit around the nucleus likely to contain the electron
74 of 181
Electronic Structure
The number of electrons in sequence that occupy the shells, e.g; the 11 electrons of sodium are in sequence
75 of 181
Electrons
Small particles within an atom that orbit the nucleus (that have negative charges)
76 of 181
Electrostatic attraction
Attraction between opposite charges, eg; between Na+ and Cl-
77 of 181
Elements
Substances made out of only one type of atom
78 of 181
Endothermic reaction
Chemical reaction in which heat is taken in
79 of 181
Energy
The ability to 'do work', for example the human body needs energy to function
80 of 181
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction
81 of 181
Essential elements
The three elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that are essential for the growth of plants
82 of 181
Eutrophication
When waterways become too rich with nutrients (from fertilisers) which allows algae to grow wildly and use up all the oxygen
83 of 181
Evaporation
When a liquid changes to a gas, it evaporates
84 of 181
Exothermic reaction
Chemical reaction in which heat is given out
85 of 181
Extrapolation
Making an estimate beyond the range of results
86 of 181
Fertiliser
Chemical put on soil to increase soil fertility and allow better growth of crop plants
87 of 181
Finite resource
Resources such as oil that will eventually run out
88 of 181
Flame test
Test where a chemical burns in a bunsen flame with a characteristic colour - test for metal ions
89 of 181
Fullerenes
Cage - like carbon molecules containing many carbon atoms, e.g; buckyballs
90 of 181
Giant ionic lattice
Sodium chlorine forms a lattice, also called a giant ionic structure
91 of 181
Greenhouse gas
Any of the gases whose absorption of infrared radiation from the Earths structure is responsible for the greenhouse effect, e.g; carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
92 of 181
Group 1 metals
Metals in group 1 of the periodic table, e.g; lithium, sodium and potassium
93 of 181
Group 7 metals
Non metals in group 7, eg; fluorine, bromine and iodine
94 of 181
Haber process
Industrial process of making ammonia
95 of 181
Halogens
Reactive non-metals in group 7 of the periodic table, e.g; chlorine
96 of 181
Helium
Second element in periodic table; an alpha particle is a helium nucleus
97 of 181
Herbicide
Chemical used to kill weeds
98 of 181
Hydrated iron (III) oxide
The chemical name for rust
99 of 181
Hydroponics
Growing plants in mineral solutions without the need for soil
100 of 181
Igneous rock
Rock which has formed when liquid rock has solidified
101 of 181
Insecticide
A chemical used to kill an insect
102 of 181
Intermolecular force
Force between molecules
103 of 181
Interpolation
Making an estimate within the range of results
104 of 181
Iodine
Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used in diagnosing and treating thyroid cancer
105 of 181
Ionic bond
A chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges
106 of 181
Ionic equation
An equation representing the formation of ions by the transfer of electrons
107 of 181
Ionisation
The formation of ions (charged particles)
108 of 181
Ionises
Adds or removes electrons from an atom, leaving it charged
109 of 181
Ions
Charged particles - postivite or negative
110 of 181
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
111 of 181
Joule
Unit of work done and energy
112 of 181
Limestone
A sedimentary rock, made of calcium
113 of 181
Limiting reactant
Chemical used up in a reaction that limits the amount of product formed
114 of 181
Lysis
To split apart
115 of 181
Marble
A metamorphic rock, made of calcium carbonate
116 of 181
Mass
Describes the amont of something; it is measured in kilograms
117 of 181
Mass number
Number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
118 of 181
Melting point
Temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
119 of 181
Metabolic rate
The speed at which the amount of energy the body needs is released
120 of 181
Metal halide
A compound of a halogen and a metal, e.g; potassium bromide
121 of 181
Metallic bonding
The bonding between close - packed metal ions due to delocalised electrons
122 of 181
Metallic properties
The physical properties specific to a metal, such as lustre and electrical conductivity
123 of 181
Metals
Solid substances that are usually lustrous, conduct electricity and form ions by losing electrons
124 of 181
Metamorphoric rock
Rock which has been changed after it has formed
125 of 181
Molecular formula
The formula of a chemical using symbols in the periodic table, eg; methane has a molecular formula of CH4
126 of 181
Molecule
Two or more atoms which have been chemically combined
127 of 181
Molten Liquid
A solid that has just melted, usually referring to rock, ores, metals or salts with very high melting points
128 of 181
Nanotube
Carbon atoms formed into a very tiny tube
129 of 181
Negative ion
An ion made by an atom gaining electrons
130 of 181
Neutral
A natural substance has a pH of 7
131 of 181
Neutralisation
Reaction between H+ ions and OH- ions (acid and base react to make a salt and water)
132 of 181
Neutrons
Small particle which does not have a charge found in the nucleus of an atom
133 of 181
Nitinol
A smart alloy which contains nickel and titanium
134 of 181
Non metals
Substances that are dull solids, liquids or gases that do not conduct electricity and form ions by gaining electrons
135 of 181
Non renewable energy
Energy which is used up at faster rate than it can be replaced e.g; fossil fuels
136 of 181
Nucleons
Protons and neutrons - both found in the nucleus
137 of 181
Nucleus
Central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
138 of 181
Optimum conditions
The temperature under which a reaction works most effectively
139 of 181
Optimum temperature
The temperature range that produces the best reaction rate
140 of 181
Oxidation
A chemical reaction in which a substance gains oxygen and/or loses electrons
141 of 181
Percentage Yield
The percentage yield of actual product made in a chemical reaction compared to the amount which ideally could be made
142 of 181
Period
A row in the periodic table
143 of 181
Periodic Table
A table of all the chemical elements based on their atomic number
144 of 181
pH scale
Scale in which acids have a pH below 7, alkalis a pH of above 7 and a neutral substance a pH of 7
145 of 181
Physical property
Property that can be measured without changing the chemical composition of a substance, e.g; hardness
146 of 181
Pollutants
Unwanted residues found that can sometimes cause damage
147 of 181
Polymer
A number of short- chained molecules joined altogether to form a long- chained molecule
148 of 181
Postive ion
An ion made by an atom losing electrons
149 of 181
Precipitate
Solid formed in a solution duringa chemical reaction
150 of 181
Precipitation reaction
Chemical test in which a solid precipitate is formed - tests for metal ions
151 of 181
Product
Molecules produced at the end of a chemical reaction
152 of 181
Protons
Small positive particles found in the nucleus of an atom
153 of 181
Rate of reaction
The speed with which a chemical reaction takes place
154 of 181
Reactants
Chemicals which are reacting together in a chemical reaction
155 of 181
Reaction time
The time it takes for a driver to step on the brake after seeing an obstacle
156 of 181
Reduction
A chemical reaction in which a substance loses oxygen and/or gains electrons
157 of 181
Reinforced concrete
Concrete with steel rods or mesh running through it
158 of 181
Relative atomic mass
The mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of a carbon atom
159 of 181
Renewable energy
Energy that can be replenished at the same rate thats it's used up, e.g; biofuels
160 of 181
Repel
To move away - charges repel
161 of 181
Rhyolite
A rock which formss when silica rich magma cools
162 of 181
Rust
The substance made when iron corrodes, hydrated iron(III) oxide
163 of 181
Salt
The substance formed when any acid reacts with a base
164 of 181
Sea Water
Water containing high levels of dissolved salts making it undrinkable
165 of 181
Sedimentary Rock
Rock which has formed when fragments of older rock or living things have stuck together, or by precipitation
166 of 181
Sedimentation
A process during water purification where small solid particles are allowed to settle
167 of 181
Silver Nitrate
A chemical used for testing halide ions in water
168 of 181
Single covalent bond
Bond between atoms where each the atoms share an electron pair
169 of 181
Smart alloy
An alloy which will return to a previous shape
170 of 181
Solder
An alloy which contains lead and tin
171 of 181
Soluble
A soluble substance can dissolve liquid, e.g; sugar is soluble in water
172 of 181
Solution
When a solute dissolves in a solvent, a solution forms
173 of 181
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
174 of 181
Specific latent heat
The amount of energy needed to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature; for example the energy needed to change ice at 0c to water at the same temperature
175 of 181
Stable electronic structure
A structure where the outer electron shell of an atom is full
176 of 181
Subduction
Where one plate sinks below another
177 of 181
Thermal decomposition
The breaking down of a compound into two or more products on heating
178 of 181
Thermogram
A picture showing differences in surface temperature of a body
179 of 181
Toxic
asubstance is one which is poisonous
180 of 181
Transition element
An element in the middle section of the periodic table, between group 1 and 2 block and the group 3 to group 0 block
181 of 181

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Rain water which is made more acidic by pollutant gases

Back

Acid rain

Card 3

Front

A thick mat of algae near the surface of water which stops sunlight getting through

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Very reactive metals in group 1 of the periodic table, e.g; sodium

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Substances which produce OH- ions in waters

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all All resources »