Chemistry Unit 2

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  • Created on: 08-03-17 17:38
What is a compound?
Compounds are subtances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined.
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What does chemical bonding involve?
Chemical bonding involves either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms in order to achieve the electronic structure of a noble gas.
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What is it called when an atom forms chemical bonds by transferring elecrons?
They form ions.
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What happens to atoms that loose electrons?
They become positively charged ions.
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What happens to atoms that gain electrons?
They become negatively charged ions.
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What electronic structure do ions have?
They have the electronic structure of a noble gas (group 0).
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What do group one metals, the alkali metals, all react with non metal elements to form and what charge do they have?
They form ionic compounds in which the metal ion has a single positive charge.
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What do elements in Group 7 of the periodic table, the halogens, all react with the alkali metals to form?
They form ionic compounds in which the halide ions have a single negative charge.
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What is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions.
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How are ionic compounds held together?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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How do the strong electrostatic forces act?
They act in all directions in the lattice and this is called ionic bonding.
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What happens to atoms when they share pairs of electrons?
They form covalent bonds.
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What are covelant bonds between atoms like?
Covalent bonds between atoms are strong.
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What are the different types of covalent bonds like?
Some covalently bonded substances consist of simple molecules such as H2, Cl2, O2, HCl, H2O, NH3 and CH4. Others have giant covalent structures (macromolecules), such as diamond and silicon dioxide.
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What is the structure of a metal like?
Metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern.
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What does it mean when the electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (outer shell) of metal atoms are delocalised?
They are free to move through the whole structure. This corresponds to a structure of positive ions with electrons between the ions holding them together by strong electrostatic attractions.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does chemical bonding involve?

Back

Chemical bonding involves either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms in order to achieve the electronic structure of a noble gas.

Card 3

Front

What is it called when an atom forms chemical bonds by transferring elecrons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens to atoms that loose electrons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens to atoms that gain electrons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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