Chemistry- States of Matter

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  • Created by: Kitsune
  • Created on: 28-06-16 13:18
What is the Brownian motion?
Random motion of particles as they are struck by moving particles
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What evidence is there for the Brownian motion?
Dust dancing in the air, cooking smells spreading, potassium manganate dissolving in water, bromine spreading in air
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What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in liquid or gas until equilibrium is reached
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Why does diffusion occur?
Because the particles are being struck by other moving particles a
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What does the rate of diffusion depend on?
Molecular mass
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What is an atom?
Smallest particle in nature that can't be broken down further by chemical means
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What is a molecule?
A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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What is an ion?
An atom or a group of atoms that carries a charge because of the imbalance of protons and electrons
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State the properties of a solid
Fixed shape, fixed volume, doesn't flow, can't be compressed
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State the properties of a liquid
Fixed volume no fixed shape, hard to compress, easily flows, takes form of the container
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State the properties of a gas
No fixed volume, no fixed shape, spreads out to fill the container, can be compressed, lighter than solid or liquid
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What happens to the temperature when a change of state takes place?
It doesn't change
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What is the opposite of evaporation?
Condensation
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What is the opposite of melting?
Freezing or solidifying
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What are the melting and boiling points of water?
Boils at 100 and melts at 0
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What is the change of state from solid to gas?
Sublimation
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What substances change state from solid to gas?
Frozen carbon dioxide, iodine crystals, naphthalene
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What is naphthalene?
An organic compound, C10H8, used in mothballs
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What is the change of state from gas to solid called?
Deposition
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How are the particles in a solid arranged?
In a lattice with strong forces between them, they vibrate
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How are the particles in a liquid arranged?
They slide over each other, close together, forces aren't as strong as in a solid
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How are the particles in a gas arranged?
Far apart, almost no forces between them, they collide and bounce off
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What is the kinetic particle theory?
Substances can be in different states and their particles will be arranged differently. A substance will have different characteristics in each state.
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What causes pressure in gas?
As a container is filled with gas particles they collide with each other and hit the sides of the container, exerting pressure
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What does pressure depend on?
Temperature and volume
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What is the effect of temperature on pressure?
When a gas is heated the particles have more energy so they move faster and hit the walls more often with greater forces the pressure increases
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What is the effect of compression on pressure?
Particles one closer together so there is less space between them and they hit the walls more often. Pressure increases.
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What can you compress?
A gas, but not liquids or solids as the particles are already close together
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What does the rate of diffusion depend on?
The mass of the particles and the temperature
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What evidence is there for the Brownian motion?

Back

Dust dancing in the air, cooking smells spreading, potassium manganate dissolving in water, bromine spreading in air

Card 3

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why does diffusion occur?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the rate of diffusion depend on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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