When a metal and a non-metal react and the metal atoms loses e- and the non-metal atoms gains said e-. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions are attracted together by electrostatic forces.
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What is the structure of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds have giant lattice structures and it contains ions that have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them.
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What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points (due to strong attraction). Can only conduct electricity when liquid (when e- are free to move and can carry a current). Dissolves in water.
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What is a covalent bond?
A strong bond that forms when a pair of e- is shared between 2 atoms.
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Describe the properties of simple molecular substances containing covalent bonds.
Weak intermolecular forces (but strong covalent bonds). Therefore m.p. and b.p. are low. Most are gases or liquids at room temperature. Don't conduct electricity because there are no free e-/ions. Some are soluble and some aren't.
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What are the properties of giant covalent structures?
All atoms are bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds. High m.p. and b.p. Don't contain charged particles and so don't conduct electricity (apart from graphene and graphite). Insoluble.
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Describe the giant covalent structure of diamond.
Contains carbon atoms that each form 4 covalent bonds. High m.p. Very hard due to the rigid lattice structure. Doesn't conduct electricity as there are no free e-/ions.
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Describe the giant covalent structure of graphite.
Has carbons atoms that each form 3 CB. Formed as layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons. Layers move easily over each other and so it is ideal as a lubricating material. High m.p. Conducts electricity (each carbon atom has 1 delocalised e-)
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Describe the giant covalent structure of graphene.
A type of fullerene and is made up of 1 layer of graphite (therefore is one layer of carbon atoms joined together in hexagons). The layer is 1 atom thick.
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What is metallic bonding?
Delocalised e- have strong electrostatic forces of attraction to positive metal ions. These forces of attraction create regular structure and metallic bonds.
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What are the properties of metals?
High m.p. and b.p. (due to the e. forces between metal ions and the 'sea' of delocalised e-). Shiny solids at room temp. Insoluble in water. Denser than non metals (due to structure). Malleable (pure metal layers slide over). Conducts heat+electric.
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What are the properties of non-metals?
Dull looking, brittle, low b.p., low density and usually don't conduct electricity.
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What is the value of Avogadro's constant or of 1 mole?
6.02 x 10^23
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Describe a mole.
One mole of a substance will have a mass (g) equal to the relative atomic mass/molecular mass of that substance.
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Number of moles =...
mass/relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass
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Mass of element/compound =...
no. of moles x relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass
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Relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass =...
mass/no. of moles
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When do you use the separation method of filtration?
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid mixture.
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When do you use the separation method of crystallisation?
To separate a soluble solid from a solution.
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What is simple distillation used for?
To separate a liquid from a solution.
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What is fractional distillation used for?
To separate a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the structure of ionic compounds?
Back
Ionic compounds have giant lattice structures and it contains ions that have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them.
Card 3
Front
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a covalent bond?
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe the properties of simple molecular substances containing covalent bonds.
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