Chemistry Mr Bennett
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- Created on: 19-09-19 11:19
Define mole
Mass of substance that has the same number of particles (atoms or molecules) as 12.000g of the carbon 12 isotope
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What does 1 mole weigh the same as?
RAM or Mr
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What is the formula for a mole?
Mass divided by molar mass
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Formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
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Formula for Nitric acid
HNO3
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Formula for Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
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Formula for Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
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Formula for Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
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Formula for Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
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Formula for Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
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Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide
NH4OH
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Formula for Potassium hydroxide
KOH
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Formula for Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
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Formula for Ammonia
NH3
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Formula for Carbon dioxide
CO2
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Formula for Carbon monoxide
CO
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Formula for Sulfur dioxide
SO2
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Formula for Methane
CH4
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Formula for Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
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Formula for Sodium carbonate
NaCO3
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Formula for Sodium hydrogen carbonate
NaHCO3
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Define relative atomic mass
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to the 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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Define relative isotopic mass
Mass of an atom of an isotope of an element compared to the 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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How do u work out RAM?
(Mass of isotope 1* %)+(mass of isotope 2*%) divided by 100
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What is a mass spectra?
A device used to find out what samples are made of by measuring the mass of their components
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What is on the y axis of a mass spectra?
Abundance of ions in percent
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What is on the x axis of a mass spectra?
“Mass charge” ratio
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Define relative molar mass
Average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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Define relative formula mass
Average mass of a formula unit, compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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What is molar mass the same as?
The mass of 1 mole of something
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Define empirical formula
Lowest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound -all ionic compounds are empirical formulae
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Define molecular formula
Actual ratio of atoms of each element in a compound- gives us the molecular mass of a compound
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Define how much volume 1 mole of a gas occupies ?
1 mole of any gas at rtp (25 degrees, 1atm) occupies a volume of 24 dm cubed or 24,000 cm cubed
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What is the formula for working out the number of moles of any gas at rtp?
Volume of gas (dm) divided by 24
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What is a solution made up of ?
Solute+ solvent
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How do you work our conc?
Mol divided by vol in dm cubed
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What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
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What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
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What happens to the reducing agent in a reaction ?
It’s oxidised
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What happens to the oxidising agent in a reaction?
It’s reduced
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Define oxidation number
The number of electrons involved (lost/gained) in formation of that species
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What is the first rule for assigning oxidation numbers?
Uncombined elements have a O.N of zero
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What is the second rule for assigning oxidation numbers?
Ions have a O.N of the charge of the ion
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What is the ideal gas equation?
PV=nRT
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What does the ideal gas equation find?
The number of moles in a certain volume at any temperature and pressure
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What was Thompson’s atomic model?
Atoms aren’t solid, atoms contain smaller negatively charged particles (plum pudding model)
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What was bohrs atomic model?
Electrons are on fixed orbitals, each shell has fixed energy, electrons move between shells because of EM radiation
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What was Rutherford atomic model?
Gold foil experiment, nuclear model of atom as some particles repelled while others went through
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What changes did Mosley make to Rutherfords model?
Discovered charge of nucleus changed from element to element, after discovery of protons he still predicted the existence of neutrons as nucleus was to heavy just to contain protons
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What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
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Define acid
Proton donor
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Define base
Proton acceptor
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Define strong acid
An acid where nearly all of it will dissociate in the water
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Define weak acid
An acid where only small amounts of it will dissociate
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What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?
Metal salt and hydrogen
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What is produced when a metal oxide reacts with acid?
Metal salt and water
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What is produced when a metal hydroxide reacts with an acid?
Metal salt and water
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What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Salt, carbon dioxide and wt=after
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What is the overall ionic reaction for a base and an acid?
H+ + OH- = H2O
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What structure do salts have?
Lattice structures of positive and negative ions
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What is water of crystallisation in a salt?
A salt where water molecules are incorporated into the structure
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What is a hydrated salt?
A salt containing water of crystallisation
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What is an anhydrous salt?
A salt not containing water of crystallisation
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What is a diprotic acid?
An acid which donates two protons
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What is a triprotic acid?
An acid which donates 3 protons
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What is an addition reaction to do with atom economy?
When 100% atom economy as 1 product is formed
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What is a substitution reaction to do with atom economy?
When atom economy is less than 100% as always two products
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Define atom economy
Measurement of the proportion of the reactant atoms which form the product desired
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What is the formula for atom economy?
Mr of desired product divided by Mr of all products times 100
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How do you calculate theoretical yield?
Work out moles of limiting reactant, use equation to see how many moles of product you were going to make and calculate mass of that many moles
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Define theoretical yield
Mass of products formed assuming no chemicals are lost in the process
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Define percentage yield?
Comparison between actual mass of product made and theoretical yield
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How do you work percentage yield?
Actual yield divided by theoretical yield times 100
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Why should you not use reactions with low atom economy?
Lots of waste, unsustainable and usually more expensive
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What type of reaction is it when a dilute acid reacts with metals?
Redox reaction
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What is oxidised in a redox reaction between a metal and a dilute acid?
The meta;
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What is reduced in a redox reaction between dilute acids and metals?
Hydrogen
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How does an oxidation number change when an electron is lost ?
Goes up by one
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How does an oxidation number change when you gain an electron?
Decreases by 1
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does 1 mole weigh the same as?
Back
RAM or Mr
Card 3
Front
What is the formula for a mole?
Back
Card 4
Front
Formula for hydrochloric acid
Back
Card 5
Front
Formula for Nitric acid
Back
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