Chemistry Module one key words 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryClarification of termsASCCEA Created by: ciara4466Created on: 25-02-18 20:45 Avogadro's number Number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 1 of 29 Mole The amount of substance which contains the Avogadro number of atoms, molecules or groups of atoms 2 of 29 Molar mass Mass of one mole of a substance 3 of 29 Anhydrous (salt) A salt which contains no water of crystallisation 4 of 29 Hydrated (salt) A salt which contains no water of crystallisation 5 of 29 Water of crystallisation Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure 6 of 29 Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 7 of 29 Mass number The total number of protons and neutron in the nucleus of an atom 8 of 29 Relative atomic/molecular/isotopic mass The average mass of an atom/molecule/isotope of an element relative to one twelfth of an atom of carbon-12 9 of 29 Isotope Atoms which have the same atomic number but a different mass number 10 of 29 Molecular ion An ion formed by the removal of an electron from a molecule 11 of 29 First ionisation energy energy The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge. 12 of 29 Second ionisation energy energy The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge. 13 of 29 Third ionisation energy The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into gaseous ions with a triple positive charge 14 of 29 Ground state An electronic configuration in which all the electrons are in the lowest (available) energy levels. 15 of 29 Covalent bond A shared pair of elections between two atoms. Each atom provides one electron 16 of 29 Octet rule When forming a compound, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve eight in its outer shell. 17 of 29 Coordinate (dative) bond A shared pair of electrons between two atoms. One atom provides both electrons 18 of 29 Delocalised electrons When forming a compound, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve eight in its outer shell. 19 of 29 Electronegativity The extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond. 20 of 29 Polar bond A covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons. 21 of 29 Bonding pair A pair of electrons shared between two atoms 22 of 29 Lone pair A pair of unshared electrons in the outer shell of an atom. 23 of 29 Intermolecular Between neighbouring molecules (as opposed to intramolecular). 24 of 29 Oxidation Loss of electrons/Increase in oxidation state (number). 25 of 29 Reduction Loss of electrons/Increase in oxidation state (number). 26 of 29 Redox Oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction. 27 of 29 Bond Enthalpy The energy required to break one mole of a specific bond 28 of 29 Dispropotionation Oxidation and reduction of the same species in the same reaction. 29 of 29
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