the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds
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addition polymer
a very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers).
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addition polymerisation
the process in which unsaturated alkene molecule (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer).
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addition reaction
a reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
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adsorption
the process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute is held to the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid.
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alicyclic hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
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aliphatic hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
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alkali
a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH-(aq) ions.
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alkanes
the homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
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alkyl group
an alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are often shown as R
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amount of substance
the quantity whose unit is the mole. Chemists use amount of substance as a means of counting atoms
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anhydrous
a substance containing no water molecules
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Anion
A negatively charged ion.
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atom economy
(molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of molecular masses of all products) x100
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atomic orbital
a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
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atomic (proton) number (Z)
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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average bond enthalpy
the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species.
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Avogadro constant
the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02x10^23 mol^-1)
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base
a species that is a proton acceptor.
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biodegradable material
a substance that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms.
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Boltzmann distribution
the distribution of energies of molecules at a particular temperature, usually shown as a graph.
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bond enthalpy
the enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mole of a given bond in the molecules of a gaseous species.
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carbanion
an organic ion in which a carbon atom has a negative charge
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carbocation
an organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds
Back
activation energy
Card 3
Front
a very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers).
Back
Card 4
Front
the process in which unsaturated alkene molecule (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer).
Back
Card 5
Front
a reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
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