Chemistry for Biologists

Introduction:

Whenever you feel like scrolling your phone, scroll this!

How to use:

The volume is great and the key is to review the information, little and often. You could revise using these revision cards on your car, while you're waiting for your bus, or when you're lying on your sofa...just not when you're crossing the road. It is better than scrolling Instagram somehow! 

And if you don't have any siblings or classmates to test you on these vocabs, this is perfect for you!

Ingredients: 

Here is all the subject vocabulary you need to know about this topic. 

All the best! 

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  • Created by: Emmanuel.
  • Created on: 02-07-20 04:13
anion
a negative ion
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cation
a positive ion
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ionic bonds
bonds formed when atoms give or receive electrons; they result in charged particles called ions.
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covalent bonds
bonds formed when atoms share electrons; covalent molecules may be polar if the electrons are not shared equally.
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dipole
the separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are not evenly shared.
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polar molecule
a molecule containing a dipole
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dissociation
splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms,or ions, especially by a reversible process
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hydrogen bonds
weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom
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Fantastic!
Ready for carbohydrates?
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monomer
a small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer
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polymer
a long-chain molecule made up of many smaller, repeating monomer units joined together by chemical bonds
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macromolecule
a very large molecule often formed by polymerisation
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starch
a long-chain polymer formed of glucose monomers
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sucrose
a sweet tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of glucose and fructose by a 1,4-glycosidic bond
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glucose
a hexose sugar
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monosaccharide
a single sugar monomer
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disaccharide
a sugar made up of two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction
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polysaccharide
a polymer consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds
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triose sugar
a sugar with three carbon atoms
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pentose sugar
a sugar with five carbon atoms
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ribose
a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of RNA
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deoxyribose
a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a nucleic acid that is the genetic material in many organisms
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a nucleic acid which is the genetic material in some organisms and is involved in protein synthesis.
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hexose sugar
sugar with six carbon atoms
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isomers
molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular structures
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condensation reaction
a reaction in which molecule of water is removed from the reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them
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glycosidic bond
a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction, which can be broken down by a hydrolysis reaction to release the monosaccharide units
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reducing sugars
sugars that react with Benedict's solution and reduce the copper(ii) ions to copper(i) ions giving an orangey-red precipitate
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non-reducing sugars
sugars that do not react with Benedict's solution
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oligosaccharides
molecules with between 3 and 10 monosaccharide units
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hydrolysis
a reaction in which bonds are broken by the addition of a water molecule
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ATP
adesonine triphosphate, the molecule that acts as a universal energy supply molecule in all cells
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end products
the final products of a chemical reaction
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amylose
a complex carbohydrate containing only alpha-glucose monomers joined together by 1,4-glycosidic bonds so the molecules form long unbranched chains
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amylopectin
a complex carbohydrate made up of alpha-glucose monomers joined together by 1,4-glycosidic bonds with some 1,6-glycosidic bonds so the molecules branch repeatedly
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glycogen
a complex carbohydrate with many alpha-glucose units joined by 1,4-glycosidic bonds with many 1,6-glycosidic bonds, giving it many side chains
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Well done!
let's not forget our lovely lipids.
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lipids
a large family of organic molecules that are important in cell membranes and as an energy store in many organisms; they include triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids
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fatty acids
organic acids with a long hydrocarbon chain
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glycerol
propane-1,2,3-triol, an important component of triglycerides
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ester bonds
bonds formed in a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of a fatty acid and one of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of glycerol
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saturated fatty acid
a fatty acid in which each carbon atom is joined to the one next to it in the hydrocarbon chain by a single covalent bond
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unsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid in which the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain have one or more double covalent bonds in them
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monounsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid with only one double covalent bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
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polyunsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid with two or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
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esterification
the process by which ester bonds are made
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Good job!
alright, it's protein's turn.
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amino acids
the building blocks of proteins consisting of an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to a carbon atom and an R group that varies between amino acids
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peptide bond
the bond formed by condensation reactions between amino acids
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dipeptide
two amino acids joined by a peptide bond
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polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
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disulfide bond
a strong covalent bond produced by an oxidation reaction between sulfur groups in cysteine or methionine molecules, which are close together in the structure of a polypeptide
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fibrous proteins
proteins that have long, parallel polypeptide chains with occasional cross-linkages that produce fibres; they have little tertiary structures
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denaturation
the loss of the 3D shape of a protein
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collagen
a strong fibrous protein with a triple helix structure
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globular proteins
large proteins with complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structures, folded into globular shapes
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hydrophobic
a substance that tends to repel water and that will not mix with or dissolve in water
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hydrophilic
a substance with an affinity for water that will readily dissolve in or mix with water
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colloid
a suspension of molecules that are not fully dissolved
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prosthetic group
the molecule incorporated in a conjugated protein
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conjugated proteins
protein molecules joined with or conjugated to another molecule called a prosthetic group
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lipoproteins
conjugated proteins with a lipid prosthetic group
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glycoproteins
conjugated proteins with a carbohydrate prosthetic group
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proteases
protein-digesting enzymes
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Hooray!
a big applause to you!
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a positive ion

Back

cation

Card 3

Front

bonds formed when atoms give or receive electrons; they result in charged particles called ions.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

bonds formed when atoms share electrons; covalent molecules may be polar if the electrons are not shared equally.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are not evenly shared.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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