Chemistry Core

?
what is an element?
a substance made from atoms with the same number of protons in the nucleus
1 of 150
what is an atom?
is the smallest parcticle of an element that still has its chemical properties
2 of 150
what is a molecule?
consists of two or more atoms chemically joined together
3 of 150
what is a compound?
consists of two or more different elements chemically joined toegtehr
4 of 150
what ions do metal atoms form when they lose electrons?
positive ions
5 of 150
what ions do non-metal atoms form when they gain electrons?
negative ions
6 of 150
what are reactants?
substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction
7 of 150
what are products?
new substances formed
8 of 150
state symbol for solid?
s
9 of 150
state symbol for liquid?
l
10 of 150
gas?
g
11 of 150
aqueous solution?
aq
12 of 150
what is an ion?
ion is an electrically charges particle
13 of 150
how are ions formed?
formed when atoms loses or gains electrons
14 of 150
what forms an insoluble solid?
oppositely charged ion in a solution
15 of 150
what is the insoluble solid called?
a precipitate
16 of 150
positive or negative? hydrogen?
h+
17 of 150
na sodium?
na+
18 of 150
clc chloride?
cl
19 of 150
oxygen?o
02-
20 of 150
mg magnesium?
mg2+
21 of 150
no nitrate?
no3-
22 of 150
al aluminium?
al3+
23 of 150
co carbon trioxide?
co32-
24 of 150
NH ammonium?
NH4+
25 of 150
SO sulfate?
so42-
26 of 150
what are spectator ions?
ions that are unchanged in the reaction
27 of 150
what is a hazard?
something that could cause damage or harm and can cause adverse health effects
28 of 150
what is a risk?
the chance that someone or something will be harmed if explode to a hazard
29 of 150
what are hazard sybol intended to do?2
warn about the danger, know about the precaution
30 of 150
what is a precaurion?
is something that you can do to reduce the risk of harm from a hazrd
31 of 150
what does precaution include?3
using less hazadoes substance, using protective clothing, using a differnt method of apparatus
32 of 150
dalton?
solid atom model- different elements different atoms
33 of 150
thomson?discovers
discovers the electron
34 of 150
thomson?
plum pudding model- spheres positive charge negative electrons inside
35 of 150
rutherford?
solar system model- positive nucleolus surrounds negative electron in orbits
36 of 150
bohr?
electron chell model- electron occupying shells
37 of 150
rutherford?discovered
discovered proton
38 of 150
chadurk?discovers
neutron
39 of 150
proton? relataive charge and mass
charge 1+ mas 1
40 of 150
neutron?
charge 0 mass 1
41 of 150
electron?
charge 1- mass 1/8356
42 of 150
electron?
charge 1- mass 1/836
43 of 150
what does the mass number say?
protons+ neutrons
44 of 150
what does the atomis number say?
protons(electrons)
45 of 150
which is which?
top mass number bottom atomic number
46 of 150
what are isotopes?
isotopes are atoms of an element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons
47 of 150
what is the relative atomic mass?
Ar is the mean mass of the atoms of an elemt relative to 1/12 the mass of a 12c atom?
48 of 150
isotop calculation?
(x)+(x)/100
49 of 150
how did he put elements in periodic table?5
order of ar, propertie s and compounds, swaped so properties lined up, left gap for prediction, new discovered ditted well
50 of 150
do group elements react with water?
no
51 of 150
do group 7?
yes
52 of 150
do group 6 react with oxygen?
yes
53 of 150
do group 7?
no
54 of 150
what hydrogen formula do group 6 elements have?
h2x
55 of 150
what general formula do group 7 have?
hx
56 of 150
how many electrons in group 6 outer chels?
6
57 of 150
how many electrons in outer shells in group 7?
7
58 of 150
what did later disoceries show?3
elemetns arranged in order of increasing atomic number, each element has unique atom number, atomic number is actually number of protons
59 of 150
what are the horocontal rows called?
periods
60 of 150
what are the elememts with similar properties placed?
in the same vertical group
61 of 150
what does the electromagnetic configuration show?
describes arrangement of electron in shells in an atom or ion
62 of 150
what deos the period show?
the occupied shell
63 of 150
what does the groups show?
number of electrons in outer shell
64 of 150
what are cations?
positively charged ion formed when atom loses electrons?
65 of 150
what do cations usually form?2
hydrogen or metals
66 of 150
if atom loses electons what does it become?
positive
67 of 150
if atom gains electrons what does it become?
negative
68 of 150
what are anions?
a negatively charged ion formed when atom gains electrons
69 of 150
what do ions usually form?
non-metals
70 of 150
what do compound ions contain?
atoms of two different elements
71 of 150
formular for ydrogen lithium sodium potassium? group 1
H+ Li+ Na+ K+
72 of 150
magnesium calcium and barium group 2?
Mg2+ Ca2+ Ba2+
73 of 150
aluminium group 3?
Al3+
74 of 150
silver copper zinc iron(11) and iron(111) transition metals?
Ag+ Cu2+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Fe3+
75 of 150
amonium(compound ion)?
NH4+
76 of 150
fluoride chloride bromide and iodide group7 ?
F- Cl- Br- I-
77 of 150
oxide and sulfide? group 6
02- S2-
78 of 150
nitrate carbonate fulfate hydroxide? compound ions
NO3- CO32- SO42- OH-
79 of 150
What are ionic bonds?
are strong eleotrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
80 of 150
what do ions in an ionic compound form?
a lattice structure
81 of 150
whatdoes a lattice straucture have? 2
regular arrangment of ions, ionic bonds between oppositely charged ions
82 of 150
what doonic compounds have?2
high melting and boiling points
83 of 150
explain the bonding and structure? 2
strong ionic bonds, large amounts of energy must be transferred to the lattice structure to break those bonds
84 of 150
are ionic compounds soluble in water?
are soluble
85 of 150
what do they form when they dissolve?
form an aqueous solution
86 of 150
when is a covalent bond formed ?
is formed when a pair of electrons is shared bewteen two atoms
87 of 150
what are covalent bonds? 3
are strong, between non-metal atoms, produce molecules
88 of 150
what does a simple molecular consist of?
few atoms joined by strong covalant bonds
89 of 150
what can simple molecules be? 2
non-metal elements, compounds of non-metals
90 of 150
what do simple substances have?
low melting and boiling points
91 of 150
what state are they usually at room temperature?
gas or liquid
92 of 150
what state are simple molecular substances with relative large molecules?
solid at room temperature
93 of 150
why dont simple molecular substances do not conduct electricity?2
not electrically charges, electrons not free to move
94 of 150
how do they form ions?
break down when they dissolve water, forming ions
95 of 150
what are intermolecular forces?
weak attractive forces between molecules
96 of 150
when they melt/boil?
intermolecular forces are overcome, covalent bonds do not break
97 of 150
what are the bonds between atoms?
strong covalent bonds between atoms
98 of 150
where are the intermolecular forces?
weak intermolecular forces between molecules
99 of 150
what are simple molecular substances in water?
insolube
100 of 150
insoluble or soluble? hydrogen and oxygen
are sparignly soluble
101 of 150
chlorine co2 sulferdoxide and ammonium?
soluble
102 of 150
ethanol, ethanoic acid and sugar?
soluble
103 of 150
what does a giant molecular subtance consist of?
many atoms
104 of 150
what are the stoms?2
joined by strong cvalent bonds,arranged in a lattice structure
105 of 150
giant molecular substcnes can be?2
non-metal elements, compound
106 of 150
what do they usually have?
high melting and boiling points
107 of 150
what state at room temperature?
solid
108 of 150
what is structure like in a diamond? 2
eachatom is bonded to four others, strong covalent bonds between atoms
109 of 150
structure graphite? 3
atom bonded to three, weak intermolecular forces between layers, strong covalent bonds between atoms in a layer
110 of 150
what molecular subsnatce is graphite?
gaint moelcular subatcne
111 of 150
structure grpahite(resembles single layer of graphite) 2?
bonded to three others, regular lattice structure
112 of 150
properties of grapgene? 4
non-bondinh structure, stong and flexible, storng covalent bonds alsmost transparent, layers are just one atom thick,outer electrons become delocalised, can move thorug
113 of 150
what does fullerens resemble?
a sheet of graphene rolled to form ucky balls , nanotubes
114 of 150
materials made from bucky balls?
conduct electricity because have delocalised electrons, soften when solid casue have weak intermolecular forces
115 of 150
nanotubes?2
conduct electricity becasue they have delocalised elctrons
116 of 150
what are polymers?
large molecules made from amny monomers joined together
117 of 150
what is a hydrocarbon?
compound of carbon and hydrogen
118 of 150
appearance of metal and non-metal?
metal is shiny and non-metal is dull
119 of 150
electrical?
metal good non poor
120 of 150
conduction?
metal conductors non conductors
121 of 150
density?
metals high non low
122 of 150
melting point?
metal high non low
123 of 150
what are metals?properties
malleable
124 of 150
what are non metals?proeprties
brittle
125 of 150
what does a metal consist of?
gains lattice of positivilely charged metal ion and has a sea of delocalised electrons
126 of 150
what are metalic bonds?
are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delociliased electrons
127 of 150
what happens if a force is applied to a metal?2
layers of positive ions slide over each other, metal changes shape without shelters
128 of 150
are metals soluble in water?
no but some can dissolve in water becasue they reactwith water to produce metal hydroxides
129 of 150
c-c-c-h- what does it not show?2
3d shape, bonding and non-bonfing electons
130 of 150
ball and stick model show?2
how they are bonded, 3d shape
131 of 150
what do space filling models accurately represent?
sizes of atom relates to their bonds
132 of 150
what is the symbol for relativeformular mass?
Mr
133 of 150
what is the mr value?
the mass of the molecule
134 of 150
what is emperical formular?
is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each elements in an compound
135 of 150
how to calculate?
mass; ar divide each by smallest asnwer
136 of 150
finding a molecular formualr?
divide me of x by 1 st step mr then multiply by 2
137 of 150
what si the law of conservation of mass?
total mass stays the same
138 of 150
what is a closed system?
no substcme can enert or leave during reaction
139 of 150
what do teo soluble reaaction form in a precipitaion reaction?
insouluble product the precipitate
140 of 150
what is an non-enorsed system?
situation when subsntace can enter or leave during reaction
141 of 150
what will you observe if mass stays the same? 3
mass of reactive metal increeesases if heated in air becasue oxyegn soms combine with metal to form emtal oxides, non reactive metal mass decreases and fuel if heated because gas can scape, mass of metal carbonate decreases if heated, because co2 esc
142 of 150
what is a balcance equation also called?
stoichiomentric equation
143 of 150
a reactant is in excess if there is enough?2
to rewact with all the other reactants, for same to be left over after reaction stops
144 of 150
what is the solvent in aques solution?
water
145 of 150
how to convert 1dm-3 to cm3?
x1000
146 of 150
how to convert cm3 to dm3?
divide 1000
147 of 150
equation for concentraion?
concentration= mass/ volume
148 of 150
what is the number for avogadros constant?
6.02 x a023 mol-1
149 of 150
how to calcutlate mols?
moles= mass/ ar or mr
150 of 150

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is an atom?

Back

is the smallest parcticle of an element that still has its chemical properties

Card 3

Front

what is a molecule?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a compound?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what ions do metal atoms form when they lose electrons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Analysing substances resources »