~ Chemistry C5: Chemical Changes ~

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What is oxidation:
The loss of electrons.
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What is reduction:
The gain of electrons.
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What is a spectator ion:
The compound (in a displacement reaction) that doesn't gain or lose electrons.
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What is a displacement reaction:
A reaction in which one, less reactive element is replaced by another, more reactive element, in a compound.
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What is an ionic equation:
An equation in which spectator ions are removed from.
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What are half equations:
A set of 2 equations that show the gain and loss of electrons in the reactants.
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Ionic equation of: [ Mg(s) + CuSO⁴(aq) → MgSO⁴ + Cu(s) ]
Mg(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Mg²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)
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Half equation of Mg: [ Mg(s) + CuSO⁴(aq) → MgSO⁴(aq) + Cu(s) ]
Mg(s) → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻
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Half equation of Cu: [ Mg(s) + CuSO⁴(aq) → MgSO⁴ + Cu(s) ]
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
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Is [ Mg(s) → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻ ] oxidation or reduction:
Oxidation; Mg loses electrons when bonded to the SO⁴ compound.
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Is [ Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu ] oxidation or reduction:
Reduction; Cu gains electrons when displaced from the SO⁴ compound.
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Metal + Water → ?
Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
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Metal + Acid → ?
Salt + Hydrogen
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(Type of reaction?) Acid + Base → ?
(A neutralisation reaction) Salt + Water
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Acid + Alkali → ?
Salt + Water
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Acid + Carbonate → ?
Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
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What is an acid:
A substance that produces H⁺ ions when added to water (pH < 7)
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What is an alkali:
A substance that produces OH⁻ ions when added to water; a soluble hydroxide (pH >7)
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What is a base:
A substance that donates electrons to nuetralise acids and are soluble in water. (all alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.)
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What is a salt:
A compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid, is partially or wholly replaced by metal ions.
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REQUIRED PRACTICAL; Making a copper salt (pt 1):
1• Add soluble copper oxide to sulfuric acid and stir. 2• Heat on a tripod and gauze, using a bunsen burner, do not boil. 3• The solution will turn blue as the displacement reaction takes place and excess black copper oxide will be seen.
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REQUIRED PRACTICAL; Making a copper salt (pt 2):
4• Once the reaction is complete, filter the solution with filter paper. 5• Heat the solution until blue crystals form on the edge of the solution. Leave so the rest of the solution can evaporate slowly, resulting in larger crystals.
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REQUIRED PRACTICAL; Making a copper salt (safety):
Wear eye protection and don't boil the solution; the copper sulfate solution could begin to spit.
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What is ionisation:
The splitting of a neutral molecule, to form charged ions.
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Why do acids ionise in water?
Because they need to split into charged ions to show acidic properties.
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Strong acids _?_ in a solution:
Strong acids ionise completely in solution (most / all of the molecules ionised).
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Weak acids _?_ in a solution:
Weak acids ionise partially in solution (not all the molecules ionised).
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As pH decreases by 1 unit...
the hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10.
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What is the formula for hydrochloric acid:
HCl
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What is the formula for sulfuric acid:
H²SO⁴
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What is the formula for nitric acid:
HNO³
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is reduction:

Back

The gain of electrons.

Card 3

Front

What is a spectator ion:

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a displacement reaction:

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is an ionic equation:

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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