Chemistry C4 (Chemical Changes)

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What is produced when metals react with oxygen?
Metal oxides
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Why are these reactions oxidation?
The metals gain oxygen
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What type of ion do metals from when they react with other substances?
Positive ions
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What is the reactivity of a metal related to?
Its tendency to form positive ions
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What do metals do in order to form positive ions?
They have to lose electrons
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Which 3 metals have a violent reaction with water and acids?
Potassium, sodium, lithium
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Whihc metal has a rapid reaction with acid but a very slow reacion with water?
Magnesium
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Which 4 metals have a slow or no reaction with water and acid?
Zinc, iron, copper, gold
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Does the most reactive or the least reactive metal come first in the reactivity series?
Most reactive
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Which metal is unreactive so can be found as a metal itself from the earth?
Gold
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How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted from their oxides?
By reduction with carbon
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In terms of oxygen, what does reduction involve?
The loss of oxygen
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What does OILRIG show?
oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction is the gaining of electrons
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What is produced when acids react with metals?
A salt and hydrogen
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What is the type of reaction called where both oxidation and reduction occur?
Redox
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What salt is formed from hydrochloric acid?
A chloride
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What salt is formed from sulfuric acid?
A sulfate
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What salt is formed from nitric acid?
A nitrate
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What are acids neutralised by?
Alkalis, soluble metal hydroxides
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What else can acids be neutralised by?
Bases, insoluble metal hydroxides ans metal oxides
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What is produced when an acid reacts with an alkali or base?
A salt and water
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What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
A salt, water and carbon dioxide
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What is a base?
An insoluble alkali (doesn't dissolve in water)
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How can soluble salts be made?
By reacting an acid with solid insoluble substances (metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates)
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In aqueous solutions, what type of ions do acids produce?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
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In aqueous solutions, what type of ions do alkalis produce?
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
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What is the scale of the pH scale?
from 0 to 14
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What 2 ways can the pH be measured?
By universal indicator or by a pH probe
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What do we call a solution with pH 7?
neutral
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What pH do acids have?
less than 7
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What pH do alkalis have?
greater than 7
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What ions react in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and an alkali and what is produced?
Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water
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What is a strong acid and what are 3 examples?
Is completely ionised in aqueous solution, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric
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What is a weak acid and what are 3 examples?
Is only partially ionised in aqueous solution, ethanoic, citric, carbonic
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As the pH decreases by one unit, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?
It increases by a factor of 10
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What is the cathode?
The negative electrode
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What is the anode?
The positive electrode
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Why is cryolite used in the electrolyis/extraction of aluminium?
It lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide
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Do aluminium ions gain or lose electrons and at whicb electrode?
They gain electrons at the cathode
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Does this mean aluminium is oxidised or reduced?
reduced
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Do the oxide ions lose or gain electrons and at which electrode?
They lose electrons at the anode
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Does this mean the oxygen is oxidised or reduced?
oxidised
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Why is aluminium produced at the cathode?
It is less reactive than hydrogen
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Why is oxygen produced at the anode?
Oxide ions are not haliode ions ( ions of elements in group 7)
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Why does the anode have to be continually replaced in this extraction?
The oxygen reacts with the carbon/graphite which are the electrodes, this forms carbon dioxide so they gradually burn away
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Why can't aluminum be extracted by reduction with carbon?
It is more reactive than carbon
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what does the ionic compound have to be in order for them to be able to move above within the liquid/solution ?
melted or dissolved in water
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what are the electrolytes?
the liquids or solutions that are able to conduct electricity
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what causes the ions to move to the electrodes?
passing an electric current through electrolytes
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in lead bromide, what is produced and at which electrode?
lead made at the cathode, bromine made at the anode
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why are these reactions oxidation?

Back

The metals gain oxygen

Card 3

Front

What type of ion do metals from when they react with other substances?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the reactivity of a metal related to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do metals do in order to form positive ions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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