Chemistry c3 ( chemicals in our lives)

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  • Created by: Spiderpig
  • Created on: 06-03-16 21:05
what can we study in order to find out how the earth's surface has changed ?
Geologists can study rocks to see how the rocks originally formed, how they have changed and when the changes happened.
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What do certain types of rocks tell us ?
looking at the shape and size of grains in a sedimentary rock you can tell if it has formed from desert sand or river sediments. by looking at the shape of fossilised ripples in rocks shows the conditions at the time period such as wind and water.
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Sedimentary rock is formed over millions of years due to compaction of sediments how does looking at them help geologists today ?
geologists can use the fossils of plants and animals found in sedimentary rock to put the rock layers in order of their ages.This means we can tell what period of time that organism was alive.
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what can comparing fossils with todays living organisms do ?
By comparing fossils with living organisms today gives us clues about the past environment and where the fossilised plants and animals lived.
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How did the Earth change ? (continential drift)
The Earth's crust and the upper mantle are divided into tectonic plates. Due to slow convection currents in the underlying Mantle the plates move causig oceans to open up slowly between continents causing parts of land to move away from eachother.
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How did the earth change ? - part 2
Wheras in other parts of the world , tectonic plate movements bring continenets together with such a great force that mountain ranges are created. which is why most major volcanic eruptions ans earthquakes happen at plate boundries.
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How can Geologists use magnetic clues in rocks to document the movement of continents ?
by studying magnetic particles contained in some rocks. For example certain types of lava and sediment contain magnetite.As lava cools magnenite can become magnetised in the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field at that particular time .
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How does magnetisation show the change in the line up of the directions of the earth's magnetic field ?
The mineral magnenite ( found in many volcanic lavas and some sediments) are crystals with magnetic properties. The magnenite can be magnetised in a fixed direction once the rock has cooled enough in the same way as the Earth's magnetic field.
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How does magnetisation vary ?
Near the poles, magnetisation is at an angle to the horizontal. Near the equator magnetisation lies horizontally. Measuring the angle at which rocks are magnetised allows the latitude of the originally formed rock to be deduced.
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what does magnetisations support ?
By Comparing the predicted historical location and magnetic direction to the present location oof the rock allows a map of continental movement to be developed supporting the theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.
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What is sustainability ?
improving our quality of life without damaging the quality of life of future generations.
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How can PVC be disposed ?
The best way is through recyling as it cuts down on the amount of raw materials ,such as crude oil , needed to make new PVC.
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How can PVC be disposed ?
PVC can also be used for 'Energy Recovery' through the use of incinerators, energy can be released to generate electricity. Unfortunately, a lot of polymer waste ends up in landfill ( tipped into holes in the ground).
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What is the problem with Energy Recovery ?
Energy recovery means that when the PVC is burnt it produces hydrogen chloride gas and it can produce toxic dioxins if conditions are not controlled in the incinerator.
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what is a major problem with recycling PVC ?
PVC is often mixed with other materials , making seperating and sorting PVC difficult and expensive.
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Plasticisers are added to make materials more flexible as the weaken intermollecular forces between particles. What risks do they pose ?
Because plasticisers are made up from small molecules which can escape from the plastic and dissolve in liquids that are in contcat with it ; they can escape from PVC toys and have been linked to problems such as cancer, liver problems , infertility
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PVC molecules are made up of three different elements what are they ?
Carbon , Hydrogen and Clorine
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What is PVC and how does it form ?
PVC is a polymer fromed by polymerisation. Polymerisation is when monomers join up to make a long chain of molecules called a polymer.Many polymers are made from chemiclas that are obtained from crude oil.
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If something is biodegradable what can it do ?
It is capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and therefore avoiding pollution.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do certain types of rocks tell us ?

Back

looking at the shape and size of grains in a sedimentary rock you can tell if it has formed from desert sand or river sediments. by looking at the shape of fossilised ripples in rocks shows the conditions at the time period such as wind and water.

Card 3

Front

Sedimentary rock is formed over millions of years due to compaction of sediments how does looking at them help geologists today ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what can comparing fossils with todays living organisms do ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did the Earth change ? (continential drift)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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