Chemistry C2

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mass number
total number of protons and neutrons
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atomic number
number of protons
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compounds
atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined
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Isotopes
same element, same protons&neutrons, different electrons
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ionic bonding
transferring electrons
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ionic compounds
giant ionic lattices. strong electrostatic force of attraction
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ionic compounds 2
high melting+boiling point
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ions
atoms that lose or gain electrons. noble gas structure
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opposite sides of periodic table
make ions. where one becomes positive ion, negative ion
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+ - (e.g Na^+)
what type of ion the atom will form in chemical reaction
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overall charge of any compound
0. balanced
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covalent bonds
sharing electrons
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dot cross diagram
only have to show outer shell
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simple molecular substances
force of attraction weak. no ions. no electrical charge
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giant covalent structures
macromolecules. similar to lattices, but no charged ions.strong
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diamond
each carbon has four covalent bonds
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silicon dioxide
what sand is made of. each grain of sand is one giant structure
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graphite
carbon has 3 covalent bonds. layers that can slide. weak forces
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metal properties
due to sea of free moving electrons
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alloys
different sized atoms. harder than pure metals
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nanoparticles
fullerenes. joined to make nanotubes. e.g reinforce graphite
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nanomedicine
absorbed easier into body than most particles
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thermosetting
cross links. strong intermolecular forces
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thermosoftening
no cross links. weak intermolecular forces
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relative atomic mass Ar
mass number of an element
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relative formula mass Mr
relative atomic masses added together
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Number of moles
Mass in g divided by Mr
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percentage mass
ArXNo.of atoms divided by Mr
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percentage yield
actual yield divided by predicted yieldX 100
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reversible reaction
products react with themselves to produce original reactants
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chromotography
artificial colours can be spread out
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machines for chromotography
sensitive, fast, accurate
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gas chromotography
separate mixture of compounds and help identify substnace
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rate of reaction depends on
temp, concentration, catalyst, surfaced area of solids
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rate of reaction
amount of reactant used divided by time
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precipitation
product of reaction is cloudy
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change in mass
shows reaction. gas given off
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volume of gas given off
shows there has been a reaction
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Hydrochloric acid+marble chips
shows how surface area affects rate of reaction
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magnesium+dilute HDI
shows how concentration affects rate of reaction
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sodium thiosulfate
shows how temperature affects rate of reaction
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decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
shows how catalyst affect the rate of reaction
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collision theory
higher temp, concentration, surface area increases reaction rate
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exothermic reaction
transfers energy to the surroundings
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endothermic
takes in energy from surroundings
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anhydrous
without water
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acids+bases
neutralise eachother
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Aq
dissolved in water
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Salts
acid+metal-> salt+hydrogen
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hydrochloric acid (salts)
makes chloride salts
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sulfuric acid (salts)
makes sulfate salts
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nitric acid (salts)
makes nitrate salts when neutralised
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Metal oxides&hydroxides
bases
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metal oxide
acid+metal oxide-> salt+water
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metal hydroxide
acid+metal hydroxide-> salt+water
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ammonia can be neutralised with HN0^3 to make
fertiliser. plants need nitrogen to make proteins
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electrolysis
splitting up with electricity
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electrolysis involves
Oxidation Is Loss. Reduction Is Gain
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half equations
reactions of electrodes. number of electrodes must be same
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electrolysis is used for
removing aluminium from its ore
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cryolite
used to lower the temp in electrolysis
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electroplating
coat surface of one metal with another using electrolysis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

number of protons

Back

atomic number

Card 3

Front

atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

same element, same protons&neutrons, different electrons

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

transferring electrons

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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