Chemistry C1 Knowledge Test
- Created by: LURNSS
- Created on: 27-03-16 13:09
Where did the gases that formed the Earths early atmosphere come from?
The gases that made up the early atomsphere came from volcanoes. Volcanoes gave out lots of gases including CO2 and water vapour
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How much oxygen was present in the Earths early atmosphere?
There was virually no oxygen in the earths early atmosphere.
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How much CO2 was present in the Earths early atmosphere?
The atmosphere was, according to this theory, mostly CO2
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Name 4 other gases present in the Earth’s early atmosphere.
NItrogen, Argon,Oxygen, Water Vapour
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How do scientists use rocks to work out the composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere?
By looking at the chemical make up of rocks.
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How do scientists believe the oceans were formed?
They belive water vapour, given off by volcanoes condensed leading to the oceans forming.
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Describe two ways that the carbon dioxide levels in the early atmosphere were reduced.
One way the CO2 levels were reduced was through CO2 dissolving into the oceans and being took in by marine organsims. Green plants alos helped to reduce CO2 levels through photosythesis.
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What mineral is limestone made from?
Calcium
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How did photosynthesis affect the composition of the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis swapped alot of the CO2 for oxygen as plants took in the carbon and released O2
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State 3 ways humans changed the composition of the atmosphere.
(1) Burning Fossil Fuels (2) Deforestation (3) Livestock Farming
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What 2 main gases do volcanoes release in to the atmosphere
CO2 and Water Vapour
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What effect does deforestation have on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Explain your answer.
Trees take in CO2 so getting rid of large amounts means that vast amounts of CO2 is left in the atmosphere
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Name an igneous rock
Granite
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What are igneous rocks formed from?
Igneous rocks form when molten magma pushes up into the earths crust before cooling and solidifying.
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What affects the size of crystals in in igneous rock?
The rate at which it cooled down
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Name 2 sedimentary rocks
Chalk and limestone
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How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Compaction of layers of sediment over a long time
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Which type of rock may contain fossils?
Sedimentary
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Which type of rock is easy to wear away?
Sedimentary
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What type of rock is marble?
Metamorphic
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What two factors are required to form metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
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Chalk, limestone and marble are all made of which mineral?
Calcium carbonate
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Calcium carbonate is mined to form which three everyday items?
Glass, cement and concrete
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Give two disadvantages of quarrying limestone
Noise pollution, destroys habitats, land cannot be used for farming, destroy views
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Give one advantage of quarrying limestone
Jobs, valuable export.
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Write a word equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone
Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
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What can you say about the mass of reactants and the mass of products in a reaction?
They will be the same
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What are the smallest particles of an element that can take part in a reaction?
Atoms
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Write a word equation for the reaction between water and calcium oxide.
Calcium oxide + water Calcium hydroxide
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What is formed when calcium hydroxide is dissolved in water?
Limewater
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Give 2 uses of calcium carbonate in industry.
Neutralise soils, remove gases from powerstations
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Give 2 uses of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Helps digestion, kills bacteria
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Write a word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate
hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
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What three substances can neutralise acids?
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates
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What type of salts are formed from hydrochloric acid; nitric acid; sulfuric acid
Chlorides, nitrates, sulfates
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What process decomposes compounds using an electrical current?
Electrolysis
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How do we test for Hydrogen?
Burns with a squeaks pop
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How do we test for chlorine?
Bleach damp blue litmus paper
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How can chlorine be extracted from seawater?
Electrolysis
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Name two substances produced from chlorine.
Bleach, PVC
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What is produced during the electrolysis of water?
Hydrogen and oxygen
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How do we test for oxygen?
Relight a glowing splint
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Where do most metals originate?
In the earths crust as ores
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Describe two ways of extracting metals from their ores.
Heating/reduction with carbon, electrolysis
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Name the top two and bottom two metals in the reactivity series
Potassium, sodium and gold, platinum
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What type of reaction involves gain of oxygen?
Oxidation
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What is another term for the oxidation of metals?
Corrosion
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Which part of the reactivity series contains metals least likely to corrode?
Bottom
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Why is gold used for jewellery?
Unreactive and does not corrode
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Why is copper used for electrical wires?
Good electrical conductor
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What is an alloy?
A mixture of two metals
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Why is iron often alloyed?
Increase strength and reduce corrosion
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States two uses of new alloys developed by scientists.
Stents in damaged blood vessels, memory spectacle frames
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What two elements do hydrocarbons contain?
Hydrocarbons
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Crude oil is a mixture of…
Hydrocarbons
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What is the purpose of fractional distillation?
Splits crude oil into simpler substances
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What happens to the boiling point of the fractions as they get longer?
Increases
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Write a word equation for the combustion of a hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water
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How do we test for carbon dioxide?
Turns limewater cloudy
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What two different substances does incomplete combustion produce as compared to complete combustion?
Carbon monoxide and carbon
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Why is carbon monoxide toxic?
Takes the place of oxygen in RBC
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What gas is produced due to the impurities in fossil fuels?
Sulfur dioxide
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What substance weathers limestone, damages trees and makes lakes and rivers acidic?
Acid rain
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Name 3 greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
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What is ethanol produced from?
Iron seeding, converting carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons
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Give two ways scientists are trying to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Sugar beet or sugar cane
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Give 4 factors of a good fuel.
Ease of burning, ease of transport, amount of smoke produced, amount of heat energy liberated.
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Write the formula for the first three alkanes
CH4, C2H6, C3H8
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Write the formula for the first two alkenes
C2H4, C3H6
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How do we test for the presence of alkenes?
Bromine water will discolour
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What process breaks down large hydrocarbons?
Cracking
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What substance is formed from the polymerisation of ethane?
Polyethene
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How much oxygen was present in the Earths early atmosphere?
Back
There was virually no oxygen in the earths early atmosphere.
Card 3
Front
How much CO2 was present in the Earths early atmosphere?
Back
Card 4
Front
Name 4 other gases present in the Earth’s early atmosphere.
Back
Card 5
Front
How do scientists use rocks to work out the composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere?
Back
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