Chemistry c1

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State the composition of the atmosphere.
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other noble gases and small amounts of water vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases.
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List the stages involved in the most probable theory of the evolution of the Earth. (finish answer)
The early atmosphere was created by volcanic activity and consisted mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapour. Simple photosynthetic organisms evolved in the oceans, adding oxygen to the atmosphere and removing carbon dioxide. As the Earth cooled the
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What is carbon dioxide harmful to and why?
The environment because it traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere (its a greenhouse gas).
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What is nitrogen oxides harmful to and why?
The environment because it causes acid rain. Aswell as humans because it causes breathing problems and can make asthma worse.
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What is sulfur dioxide harmful to and why?
The environment because it causes acid rain.
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What is particulates (small particles of solids e.g. carbon) harmful to and why?
The environment because it makes buildings dirty. Aswell as humans because it can make asthma and lung infections worse if inhaled.
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What is carbon monoxide harmful to and why?
Humans because it prevents the blood from carrying oxygen which can be fatal.
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Explain why combustion is type of oxidation reaction.
Combustion is when a fuel reacts with oxygen to release energy.
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What does the term 'hydrocarbon' mean?
A hydrocarbon is a compound made only from carbon and hydrogen.
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Give three ways to reduce pollution from power stations.
Power station emissions can be reduced by using less electricity, removing sulfur and toxic chemicals from gas, coal and oil before burning and using alternative renewable sources e.g. solar wind and hydroelectric energy.
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Give four ways to reduce pollution from cars. (finish answer)
Car emission can be reduced by using low-sulfur fuel in a car with a fuel-efficient engine, legal limits for exhaust emissions enforced by MOT tests, using public transport and making sure cars have catalytic converters which reduce carbon monoxide
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List two natural processes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis and dissolving in oceans.
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Describe the most important environmental advantage that hydrogen has over fossil fuels.
Hydrogen doesn't produce carbon dioxide and it doesn't contribute to global warming, it produces only water. OR It's a renewable resource.
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Human activity is affecting the atmosphere more significantly now than at any other time in human history.Name three substances that human activity has added to the atmosphere and describe how they're affecting the environment and people's health.(fi
Carbon dioxide is causing global warming which scientists believe will cause flooding of low-lying countries. Sulfur dioxide is causing acid rain which can damage trees, corrodes metal and upset the pH balance causing plants and animals to die. Nitro
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Explain how NOx (insert actual exponent with pen) gases are formed.
Atmospheric nitrogen is oxidised by atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures to form nitrogen monoxide which is further oxidised to form nitrogen dioxide.
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Card 2

Front

List the stages involved in the most probable theory of the evolution of the Earth. (finish answer)

Back

The early atmosphere was created by volcanic activity and consisted mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapour. Simple photosynthetic organisms evolved in the oceans, adding oxygen to the atmosphere and removing carbon dioxide. As the Earth cooled the

Card 3

Front

What is carbon dioxide harmful to and why?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is nitrogen oxides harmful to and why?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is sulfur dioxide harmful to and why?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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