Chemistry- Atoms combining
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- Created by: Kitsune
- Created on: 30-06-16 08:01
What is a compound?
Different types of atoms bonded together
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How are compounds described?
By formulae
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What is a mixture?
Different substances that are not chemically combined
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What is brass?
An alloy, a mixture of a metal with other metals
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How to show that mixing sulphur and iron is a physical change?
Add methylbenzene to the mixture to dissolve sulphur and then filter the iron out
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Why is heating iron with sulphur a chemical change?
Because a new compound, iron sulphide, is formed
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What is a physical change?
A change of state where no new chemical bonds are formed
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What is a chemical change?
A new substance formed, energy given in or out, change is hard to reverse
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Why do atoms bond?
To gain a stable arrangement of outer shell electrons
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What is an ion?
A charged atom because of the imbalance of protons and electrons
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Why don't group 8 elements react?
They have full outer shells so they are stable
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What is an ionic bond?
Bond between ions of opposite charge
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What do metas and non-metals form?
Ionic compounds
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How are the ions arranged in an ionic compound?
In a regular lattice of alternating positive and negative ions
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Why do ions stay together?
Because of the attraction of the opposite charges
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Why don't Group 4 elements form ionic compounds?
Too much energy required to lose that many electrons
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Which elements usually form more than one ion?
Tradition metals
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What is the only ion of silver?
Ag +1
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What is the only ion of zinc?
Zn +2
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What do grouped ions form?
Compound ions
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Which element usually form ionic compounds?
Group 1 and 7
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How do non- metals gain full outer shells?
They share electrons
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What do electrons around the nucleus do to each other?
Repel each other
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What do metals and non-metals form?
Ionic compounds
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What do non-metals form?
Covalent compounds
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How is the structure of ionic and covalent compounds similar?
They form a regular lattice which eventually leads to crystals
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What are the differences in properties of ionic and covalent compounds?
Unlike covalent, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, they conduct heat and electricity, they are soluble in water
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What are diamond, silicon dioxide ad graphite?
Giant covalent structures or macromolecules
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What is the structure of a diamond?
Tetrahedral shape, centre atom forms 4 bonds, strong covalent bonds
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What are the properties of a diamond?
Vey hard and strong, high melting point (3550) and doesn't conduct
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What are the uses of diamond?
jewellery and cutting, drilling tools
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How does silicon dioxide occur?
As quartz, the main mineral in sand
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What is the structure of silicon dioxide?
Silicon bonds to 4 oxygen atoms. Oxygen bonds to 2 silicon atoms.
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What are the properties of silicon dioxide?
Hard, scratches things, high melting point (1710), lets light through
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What are the uses of silicon dioxide?
Glasses and lenses, sandpaper
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What is the structure of graphite?
6 carbon atoms form a ring with strong covalent bonds, the rings form flat sheets but the forces between them are weak
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What are the properties of graphite?
Soft and slippery, dark in colour, conducts electricity
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What are the uses of graphite?
Lubricant for engines and locks, pencil leads, electrodes and connecting brushes in generators
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Graphite and diamond are ... of carbon
Allotropes
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What is the structure of metals?
A lattice of positive ions in the sea of electrons
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What is the metallic bond?
The bond between positive ions and delocalised electrons
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How are the free electrons called?
Delocalised electrons
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What are the key properties of metals?
High melting and boiling points, malleable and ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are compounds described?
Back
By formulae
Card 3
Front
What is a mixture?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is brass?
Back
Card 5
Front
How to show that mixing sulphur and iron is a physical change?
Back
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