Chemistry Paper 1

AQA Chemistry Paper 1 flashcards.... nearly all topics

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In an atom, where is the nucleus and what does it contain?
The nucleus is in the middle and contains protons and neutrons
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What kind of charge does the nucleus of an atom have? Why?
Positive, It only contains protons and neutrons so overall is positive.
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Where are the electrons in an atom?
The electrons circle the nucleus in electron shells
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What kind of charge do electrons have?
Negative
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What does the volume of the elecrons' orbits depend on?
The size of the atom, electrons have virtually no mass
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What kind of charge does an atom have? Why?
No charge, the number of protons and electrons are the same.
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What is an ion?
An atom, or group of atoms, that have lost or gained electrons.
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Why do ions have an overall charge?
The number of protons doesn't equal the number of electrons.
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What does the atomic number tell you?
The number of protons in an element.
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What does the mass number tell you?
The number of protons and neutrons in an element.
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How do you find the number of neutrons in an element?
Mass number - Atomic number
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What is are isoptopes?
Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
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What determines the type of atom (element)?
The number of protons.
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How is the mass number determined when there are lots of isotopes of the same element?
The Mass number is an average of all the isotopes that make up an element.
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When are compounds made?
When elements react and atoms combine.
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What does giving, taking or sharing electrons create?
Bonds.
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How many elements are compounds made up of?
Two or more.
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How are compounds held together?
Chemical bonds.
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How are origional elements of compounds separated out again?
Chemical reactions.
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A compound which is formed of metals and non-metals consists of ions... Why does ionic bonding occur?
metal atoms lose electrons to make positive ions and the non-metal atoms gain electrons to make negative ions.... These opposite charges mean they are strongly attracted to each other.... Ionic Bonding (opposites attract.
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What do compounds made of non-metals consist of?
Molecules.
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non-metal compounds are joined using covalent bonding.... What is this?
Where each atom shares an electron with another atom.
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Whats the symbol for Carbon dioxide?
CO2
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Whats the symbol for ammonia?
NH3
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Whats the symbol for Water?
H2O
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Whats the symbol for Sodium Chloride?
NaCl
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Whats the symbol for Carbon monoxide?
CO
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Whats the symbol for Hydrochloric acid?
HCl
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Whats the symbol for Calcium chloride?
CaCl2
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Whats the symbol for Sodium Carbonate?
Na2CO3
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Whats the symbol for Sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
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Fill the blank... There must be the same number of _____ on each side of an equation.
ATOMS
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Is it easy to sepatate mixtures? Why?
Yes, there are no chemical bonds between the parts of the mixture.
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List the 5 physical methods that can separate mixtures....
Filtration, Crystalisation, Simple distilation, Fractional distilation and Chromotography.
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what are mixtures made of?
Elements and/or compounds.
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Summarise the steps of paper chromatography....
1. Draw a pencil line at bottom of paper and add a spot of ink 2. place paper into a beaker of solvent (below line, not touching ink so it isnt dissolved 3.paper absorbs the solvent and carries the ink up 4. the pattern of spots is the chromatogram
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How do you separate an insoluable solid (or solid impurities) from liquid reaction mixtures?
Filtration
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What two ways can separate soluable solids from solutions?
Evaporation, Crystaliation
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How does evaporation separate?
A solution is boiled until it has evaporated and left dry crystals.
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How does crystallisation separate?
A solution is boiled until some evaporates and crystals start to form, the solution is then left to cool before getting filtered and left in a warm place.
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How can rock salt be separated?
Filtration then crystallisation.
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What did the plum pudding model consist of?
poitively charged 'pudding' and electrons.
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Who invented the plum pudding model?
J.J. Thompson.
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Who designed the nuclear model (the model used now)?
Rutherford.
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Why did mandeleev leave gaps in his version (todays version) of the periodic table?
For elements with similar properties to elements in that group.
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What kind of bonding do all metals have?
Metallic bonding
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Give properties that metallic bonding gives to most metals.
Malleable, Strong, Conductors, High boiling and melting points.
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Name the group number... Alkali metals, reactive, soft metals, one electron in outer shell.
Group 1
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What kind of compounds do group 1 metals (alkali metals) and non-metals form?
Ionic compounds.
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Name the group number... Halogens, non-metals, coloured vapours
Group 7
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What colour is the gas of flourine?
Yellow.
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What colour is the gas of chlorine?
Green.
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What colour is the liquid of bromine?
Red-brown.
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What colour is thevapour of iodine?
Purple.
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List three things you notice as you go down the elements in group 7....
become less reactive, higher melting/boiling points, high relative atomic masses.
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What kind of compounds do halogens form?
Molecular compounds.
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What group is made of noble gasses?
Group 0
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List three properties of most Ionic compounds....
High meting/boiling points, solids dont conduct - liquids do, dissolve easily in water.
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What kind of structure do ionic compounds have?
A regular lattice.
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What are polymers?
Long chains of repeating units.
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What structures consist of atoms that are all bonded to each other using covalent bonds?
Giant covalent structures.
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What are allotropes?
different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state.
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What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes.
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What is graphene?
One layer of graphite.
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Whats the formula to calculate number of moles?
mass(g) / atomic mass of element.
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If the mass changes during a chemical reation, what has most likely been produced?
A Gas
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What is a limiting reactant?
The reactant that gets used up first meaning the reaction has to stop.
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What is the fomula for concentration(g/dm^3)?
Mass of solute (g) / volume of solvent (dm^3).
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acid + base = ?
salt + water.
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Acid + metal oxide/hydroxide = ?
salt + water.
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Acid + metal carbonate = ?
salt + water + carbon dioxide.
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Acid + metal = ?
Salt + hydrogen.
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Metal + water = ?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen.
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What is reduction?
Gaining of electons.... contradicting.. I know...
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What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons.
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What does electrollysis do?
Uses an electrical current to cause a reaction. 'splitting up with electricity'.
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What happens in an exothermic reaction?
Heat (energy) is given out (EXterior/EXothermic - OUTside).
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What happens in an endothermic reaction?
Heat (energy) is taken in from its surroundings.
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Breaking bonds requires______
ENERGY.
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How are exothermic reaction shown?
A rise in temperature.
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How are endothermic reaction shown?
A fall in temperature.
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What do Reaction profiles/energy level diagrams show?
Energy changes in a reaction.
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What kind of process is bond breaking?
Endothermic.
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What kind of process is bond forming?
Exothermic.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What kind of charge does the nucleus of an atom have? Why?

Back

Positive, It only contains protons and neutrons so overall is positive.

Card 3

Front

Where are the electrons in an atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What kind of charge do electrons have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the volume of the elecrons' orbits depend on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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