Chemistry- Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

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What are all substances made from?
Atoms
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What is an atom?
Smallest part of an element (that exists)
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What is the radius of an atom?
0.1nm
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What is the radius of the nucleus?
1 x 10^-14m
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Where is most of the mass in an atom located?
Nucleus
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What elements can be represented as?
Symbols
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How many elements are there?
About 100
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Where are elements shown?
Periodic table
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What is a compound?
Two or more different atoms chemically joined
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How can compounds be separated into their elements?
Chemical reactions
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Are the properties of a compound the same as the elements they are made from?
No
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What is a mixture?
Two or more elements not chemically bonded together
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What are 5 ways to separate a mixture?
Filtration, crystallisation, simple and fractional distillation and chromatography
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Why are the techniques used to separate mixtures described as physical processes
Two or more elements not chemically combined
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Why is a lid used in chromatography?
Stops solvent evaporating
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How does filtration work?
Liquid passes through filter paper, insoluble particles are trapped
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How do you carry out crystallisation?
Evaporation dish and heat source
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How can you get sand and salt from a mixture of the two?
Dissolve in water, filter to remove sand, then use crystallisation
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What two processes are involved in distillation?
Evaporation and condensation
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Where is the hottest part in fractional distillation?
Bottom
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What property must the mixture have to be able to separate by fractional distillation?
Each part of mixture has different boiling points
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What is an element?
Substance made of one type of atom
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What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined together
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Where are the reactants found in an equation?
Left hand side
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Where are the pRoducts found in an equation?
Right hand side
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What is distillation?
Separating a liquid using evaporation and then condensation
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A method used to separate two or more liquids?
Fractional distillation
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A method used to separate the coloured compounds in a mixture?
Chromatography
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A method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
Filtration
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What is crystallisation?
Separates a dissolved solid from a solution by evaporation to leave crystals of the solid
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What sub atomic particle was discovered first?
Electron
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Before electrons, was it thought that atoms could be divided?
No
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Before electrons, atoms where thought to be what?
Tiny spheres
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What model lead to the discovery of the electron
Plum Pudding Model
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What was the plum pudding model?
Atoms were a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded in it
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What model replaced the Plum Pudding Model?
Nuclear Model
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What experiment led to the idea that mass of the atom was concentrated in the centre?
Alpha scattering experiment
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What would happen with the alpha particle experiment if the plum pudding model was correct?
Particles should pass straight through or slightly deflect
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What was observed in the alpha scattering experiment?
Alpha particles, fired at a thin sheet of gold. Some deflected more than expected and some were deflected
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What model replaced the plum pudding model?
Nuclear model
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Smallest part of an element (that exists)

Back

What is an atom?

Card 3

Front

0.1nm

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

1 x 10^-14m

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Nucleus

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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