Chemistry - Alcohols

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Alcohols are organic molecules containing the __ functional group
-OH
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they have a similar structure to an alkane, but one H is replaced with OH. Do they still react similarly?
no. the OH makes them react differently
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alkanes have chemical formula CnH(2n+2). Alkenes have formula CnH2n. what formula do alcohol have?
CnH(2n+1)OH
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What suffix is used for alcohols? (e.g alkanes is -ane. alkenes are -ene)
-anol (e.g ethanol)
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what's a non-renewable way we can make ethanol? (main part of alcoholic drinks)
react ethene and steam
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to do this, we need a catalyst and (low/high?) temperatures
high - around 300 degrees
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we get the ethene from cracking crude oil. why is this a problem?
crude oil is non-renewable so will run out - makes ethene also non-renewable
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what are the advantages of this method?
we can produce lots of ethanol relatively cheaply
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what renewable method can we use to make ethanol?
fermentation (breakdown) of sugars using yeast
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in this method, what breaks up the sugarst?
enzymes from yeast break down the sugars
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where is the sugar from?
plant material - glucose
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what temperature and pressures are required for this method?
room temp and no pressure
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why is this method renewable?
we're using glucose from plant material that can just be regrown
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complete: Glucose --> ethanol + ____
CO2
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what's the problem with this method?
produces low yield
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Why can't too much ethanol be produced?
too much would kill the yeast
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what can the ethanol be used for directly?
alcoholic drinks
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what can it be used for through fractional distillation?
biofuels, solvents, spirits (stronger alcholic drinks)
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why are alcohols idea for solvents?
they have presence from both polar (-OH) and non-polar groups (hydrocarbons)
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Why are alcohols a good fuel?
fully combusts, only forming CO2 and water
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because they combust completely, alcohols are also useful as b___
biofuels
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alcohols react similarly with metals as water. true?
yes - only instead of a hydroxide being formed, an ethoxide will form
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alcohols can be oxidised to form...
carboxylic acid
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

they have a similar structure to an alkane, but one H is replaced with OH. Do they still react similarly?

Back

no. the OH makes them react differently

Card 3

Front

alkanes have chemical formula CnH(2n+2). Alkenes have formula CnH2n. what formula do alcohol have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What suffix is used for alcohols? (e.g alkanes is -ane. alkenes are -ene)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what's a non-renewable way we can make ethanol? (main part of alcoholic drinks)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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