Substances with a pH of less than 7. Acidic solutions turn blue litmus paper red
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Bases
Substances that can react with acids and neutralise them to make a salt and water.
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Alkalis
Bases that dissolve in water. Alkaline solutions have a pH of more than 7. They turn universal indicator paper dark blue or purple if they are strongly alkaline, and blue-green if they are weakly alkaline.
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Neutral solutions
Neutral solutions have a pH of 7. They do not change the colour of litmus paper, but they turn universal indicator paper green.
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Neutralisation reactions - Acids
When acids dissolve in water they produce aqueous hydrogen ions, H+(aq). HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
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Neutralisation reactions - Alkalis
When alkalis dissolve in water they produce aqueous hydroxide ions, OH–(aq). NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
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Acids reacting with bases
acid + metal oxide → salt + water . Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
All nitrates, Most sulfates, Most chlorides, bromides and iodides, Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
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Insoluble salts
Lead sulfate, barium sulfate, Silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, lead chloride, lead bromide, lead iodide, Most other carbonates and Most other hydroxides.
Substances that can react with acids and neutralise them to make a salt and water.
Back
Bases
Card 3
Front
Bases that dissolve in water. Alkaline solutions have a pH of more than 7. They turn universal indicator paper dark blue or purple if they are strongly alkaline, and blue-green if they are weakly alkaline.
Back
Card 4
Front
Neutral solutions have a pH of 7. They do not change the colour of litmus paper, but they turn universal indicator paper green.
Back
Card 5
Front
When acids dissolve in water they produce aqueous hydrogen ions, H+(aq). HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
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