Chemistry 9-1 Paper 2

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  • Created by: ollies233
  • Created on: 06-03-18 16:35
What is an electrolyte in an electrochemical cell?
A liquid that contains ions which react with the electrodes
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What are two factors that affect the voltage produced by an electrochemical cell?
The type of electrode used, the difference in reactivity of the electrodes and the electrolyte used
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What is a battery?
A battery is two or more cells connected together in series
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Why do non-renewable batteries eventually lose their charge?
The ions in the electrolyte and the metal ions in the electrode get used up and turned into products of the reaction. They can't be turned back into reactants and therefore no electricity is produced
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What is a fuel cell?
An elecrical cell that's supplied with fuel and oxygen and uses the reaction between them to produce electricity
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What electrolyte is commonly used in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells?
Potassium hydroxide
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In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, which molecule becomes oxodised and which becomes reduced?
Hydrogen is oxodsied, oxygen is reduced
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What is the reaction in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
2H + 02 ----> 2H2O
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Why is the reaction in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell a redox reaction?
The oxidation state of molecules are changed
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Why does increased surface area cause an increase in rate of reaction?
The particles have more area to work on and collide with, making the collisions more frequent
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How is rate of reaction calculated?
Amount of reactant used/time
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How does a change in concentration affect equilibrium?
If you increase the concentration of the reactants, more products are made. If the amount of reactants is decreased, less products are made
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How does size affect the properties of hydrocarbon?
Shorter = less viscous, more volatile, more flammable. Longer is the opposite
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What is the equation for incomplete combustion with alkenes?
Alkene + oxygen ---------> carbon + carbon monoxide + water
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What is the reaction of monomers joining to make polymers?
Polymerisation
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How is ethanol made?
By fermentation -- sugar ----yeast----> ethanol + carbon dioxide
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What is the reaction of a carboxylic acid with carbonates?
Acid + carbonate -----> Salt + water + carbon dioxide
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What do alcohols and carboxylic acids make?
Esters
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What are the differences between addition polytmerisation and condensation polymerisation?
Addition: One monomer type, one product formed and carbon -- carbon double bond. Condensation: two monomer types, two types of product and two reactive groups on each monomer
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What is a formulation?
Formulations are useful mixtures with a precise purpose; made up of different chemicals
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How is Rf value calculated?
Distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent
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What is the test for chlorine?
Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white
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What is the test for carbonates?
Add drops of dilute acid. Connect the test tube to a test tube of limewater. If carbonate ions are present, carbon dioxide will be released and this will turn the limewater milky
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What is the test for sulfates?
Add drops of dilute hydrochloric acid follwed by drops of barium chloride. If sulfate ions are present, a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form
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What is the test for halides?
Add drops of dilute nitric acid follwed by drops of silver nitrate solution. Chlroide gives white precipitate. Bromine gives cream and iodine gives yellow
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What are the flame test colours?
Lithium = Red - Potassium = Lilac - Sodium = Yellow - Calcium = Red-orange - Copper = Green
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What are the phases of the atmosphere?
1) Volcanoes give out gases 2) Oceans, algae and green plants absorbed CO2 3) Green plants and algae produced oxygen
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What is a ceramic?
A non metal solid with a high melting point
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What are composites?
Composites are made of one material embedded in another
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How can rust be prevented?
Painting, electroplating, oiling and galvinisation
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What is bioleaching?
Bacteria are used to convert copper compounds in the ore into soluble copper compounds
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What is phytomining?
Growing plants in soil that contains copper
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How is water cleaned?
Filtration using mesh grates, sand and gravel filtration and sterilisation
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What reaction takes place during the haber process?
N2 + 3H2 + 2NH3 + (heat)
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What are in NPK fertilisers?
Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are two factors that affect the voltage produced by an electrochemical cell?

Back

The type of electrode used, the difference in reactivity of the electrodes and the electrolyte used

Card 3

Front

What is a battery?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why do non-renewable batteries eventually lose their charge?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a fuel cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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